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Previous reports have proposed that <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> serogroups O1 and O139 synthesize structurally different lipid A domains, which anchor lipopolysaccharide within the outer membrane. In the current study, intact lipid A species of <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 and O139 were analysed by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> serogroups associated with human disease synthesize a similar asymmetrical hexa\u2010acylated lipid A species, bearing a myristate (C14:0) and 3\u2010hydroxylaurate (3\u2010OH C12:0) at the 2\u2032\u2010 and 3\u2032\u2010positions respectively. A previous report from our laboratory characterized the <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> LpxL homologue Vc0213, which transfers a C14:0 to the 2\u2032\u2010position of the glucosamine disaccharide. Our current findings identify <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> Vc0212 as a novel lipid A secondary hydroxy\u2010acyltransferase, termed LpxN, responsible for transferring the 3\u2010hydroxylaurate (3\u2010OH C12:0) to the <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic> lipid A domain. Importantly, the presence of a 3\u2010hydroxyl group on the 3\u2032\u2010linked secondary acyl chain was found to promote antimicrobial peptide resistance in <jats:italic>V.\u2003cholerae<\/jats:italic>; however, this functional group was not required for activation of the innate immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07765.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T03:49:33Z","timestamp":1310615373000},"page":"1313-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Elucidation of a novel <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i> lipid A secondary hydroxy\u2010acyltransferase and its role in innate immune recognition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Jessica V.","family":"Hankins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Childers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl E.","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Brodbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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