{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:54:05Z","timestamp":1781013245724,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Recto\u2010anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) is an integral part of normal defecation. The physiologic characteristics of RAIR along anal length and anterior\u2010posterior axis are unknown. The aim of this study was to perform topographic and vector\u2010graphic evaluation of RAIR along anal canal using high definition manometry (HDM), and examine the role of various muscle components.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Anorectal topography was assessed in 10 healthy volunteers using HDM probe with 256 sensors. Recto\u2010anal inhibitory reflex data were analyzed every mm along the length of anal canal for topographic, baseline, residual, and plateau pressures during five mean volumes of balloon inflation (15\u2003cc, 40\u2003cc, 71\u2003cc, 101\u2003cc, 177\u2003cc), and in 3D by dividing anal canal into 4\u2003\u00d7\u20032.1\u2003mm grids.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Key Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Relaxation pressure progressively increases along anal canal with increasing balloon volume up to 71\u2003cc and thereafter plateaus. In 3D, RAIR is maximally seen at the middle and upper portions of anal canal (levels 1.2\u20133.2\u2003cm) and posteriorly. Peak residual pressure was seen at proximal anal canal.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions &amp; Inferences\u2002<\/jats:bold> Recto\u2010anal inhibitory reflex is characterized by differential anal relaxation along anterior\u2013posterior axis, longitudinally along the length of anal canal, and it depends on the rectal distention volume. It is maximally seen at internal anal sphincter pressure zone. Multidimensional analyses indicate that external anal sphincter provides bulk of anal residual pressure. Our findings emphasize importance of sensor location and orientation; as anterior and more distal location may miss RAIR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01857.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T02:19:38Z","timestamp":1326334778000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Topographic and manometric characterization of the recto\u2010anal inhibitory reflex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Cheeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Valestin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. S. 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