{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:54:28Z","timestamp":1773366868368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]],"date-time":"2004-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages and microglia are the predominant cells infected with HIV\u20101 in the brain, yet the effects of productive HIV infection on the fate of these cells are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HIV\u20101 expression influences cell death in infected macrophages and microglial cells. We detected apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) in the cerebral white matter of control and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) brains, and quantitatively analysed apoptotic cells with respect to their location (vessel\u2010associated vs. parenchymal), CD68 expression, and HIV\u20101 p24 expression. There were more vessel\u2010associated, but not more parenchymal, TUNEL+ cells in HIVE cases as compared to controls. Vessel\u2010associated TUNEL+ cells were primarily endothelial cells (von Willebrand factor+) or macrophages (CD68+). TUNEL+\/CD68+ cells were present in both control and HIVE cases in similar frequencies (2.1\u2003\u00b1\u20030.7% vs. 1.9\u2003\u00b1\u20030.7% of total CD68+ populations, respectively). In HIVE, TUNEL+\/p24+ cells were 0.4\u2003\u00b1\u20030.2% of the total p24+ cell population, which was lower than the frequency of TUNEL+\/CD68+ cells (1.9\u2003\u00b1\u20030.7%) in the total CD68+ macrophage population. These results suggest that HIV\u20101\u2010infected macrophages and microglia are resistant to apoptosis, and may contribute to the formation of a central nervous system viral reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00563.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T16:40:39Z","timestamp":1097512839000},"page":"478-490","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["HIV\u20101 expression protects macrophages and microglia from apoptotic death"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010L.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009636530839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.3.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60804-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"99","volume-title":"HIV, AIDS and the Brain, ARNMD.","author":"Dickson DW"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0703357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"The AIDS dementia complex. II. Neuropathology","volume":"17","author":"Navia BA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504063321407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35073667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3276004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.7.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Textbook of Neuropathology","author":"Dickson DW"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1995.tb01052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103244200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Productive infection of human fetal microglia by HIV\u20101","volume":"143","author":"Lee SC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199911)28:2<114::AID-GLIA3>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Immunocytochemical identification of T\u2010cells in HIV\u20101 encephalitis: implications for pathogenesis of CNS disease","volume":"6","author":"Weidenheim K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2002.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.11.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Evidence of apoptotic cell death in HIV encephalitis","volume":"146","author":"Petito CK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1997.tb01208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010051094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65511-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Cellular localization of an HIV\u20101 antigen in subacute AIDS encephalitis using an improved double\u2010labeling immunohistochemical method","volume":"136","author":"Kure K","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: expression of molecules of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families in relationship to the demyelinated plaque","volume":"154","author":"Raine CS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135502801753248114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440070112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0302-221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.8.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2200125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1997.tb01307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-04015.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011379307472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35071111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/26026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6437"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2990.2004.00563.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2990.2004.00563.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00563.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:44:58Z","timestamp":1696985098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00563.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00563.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2004.00563.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1846","1365-2990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1846","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]]}}}