{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T13:58:41Z","timestamp":1794578321941,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]],"date-time":"2007-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal period during which several non\u2010motor features develop, in particular, impairment of olfaction, vagal dysfunction and sleep disorder. Early sites of Lewy pathology are the olfactory bulb and enteric plexus of the stomach. We propose that a neurotropic pathogen, probably viral, enters the brain via two routes: (i) nasal, with anterograde progression into the temporal lobe; and (ii) gastric, secondary to swallowing of nasal secretions in saliva. These secretions might contain a neurotropic pathogen that, after penetration of the epithelial lining, could enter axons of the Meissner's plexus and, via transsynaptic transmission, reach the preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurones of the vagus nerve. This would allow retrograde transport into the medulla and, from here, into the pons and midbrain until the substantia nigra is reached and typical aspects of disease commence. Evidence for this theory from the perspective of olfactory and autonomic dysfunction is reviewed, and the possible routes of pathogenic invasion are considered. It is concluded that the most parsimonious explanation for the initial events of sporadic Parkinson's disease is pathogenic access to the brain through the stomach and nose \u2013 hence the term \u2018dual\u2010hit\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,27]],"date-time":"2007-10-27T01:20:52Z","timestamp":1193448052000},"page":"599-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":915,"title":["Parkinson's disease: a dual\u2010hit hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"C. H.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Del Tredici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Braak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Neurodegenerative Diseases.","author":"Lowe J","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20000715)61:2<121::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Molecular Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease.","author":"Del Tredici K","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03159935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.2001.00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Parkinson's Disease: Progress in Research.","author":"Braak H","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2003.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in normal brain aging and disease","volume":"23","author":"Thal DR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci Aging Knowledge Environ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.2.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6360-3_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022910","article-title":"Preclinical premotor; Parkinson's disease","volume":"247","author":"Wolters EC","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0102-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.8.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.5.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-45295-0_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00740-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(75)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.1.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.8.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.5.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000137531.76491.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Objective olfactometry: methodological annotations for recording olfactory EEG\u2010responses from the awake human","volume":"9","author":"Kobal G","year":"1978","journal-title":"EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<41::AID-MDS1017>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200005)15:3<474::AID-MDS1008>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20141"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Association of olfactory dysfunction with risk of future Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Ross W","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199603000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1105-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720300035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00260970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.2.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","volume-title":"Smell and Taste Complaints.","author":"Hawkes CH","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00307-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.4.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Gastric emptying time and gastric motility in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Sulla M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(01)00052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","first-page":"535","article-title":"Defecatory disorders in de novo Parkinsonians \u2013 colonic transit and electromyogram of the external anal sphincter","volume":"110","author":"Jost WH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb05957.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","first-page":"371","article-title":"Loss of 123I\u2010MIBG uptake by the heart in Parkinson's disease: assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and diagnostic value","volume":"40","author":"Satoh A","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic denervation from the early stage of Parkinson's disease: clinical and experimental studies with radiolabeled MIBG","volume":"41","author":"Takatsu H","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-0995-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000138500.73671.DC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.64.12_suppl_3.S12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_2","first-page":"316","article-title":"REM behavior disorder (RBD), delayed emergence of parkinsonism and\/or dementia in 65% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic RBD, and an analysis of the minimum & maximum tonic and\/or phasic electromyographic abnormalities found during REM sleep","volume":"26","author":"Schenck CH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183056.89590.0d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.5.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203648.80727.5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168864.97813.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0193-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61881-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01392-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.12.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.7.742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000171652.40083.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Nasal mucosa in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Witt M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93275-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_2","first-page":"1198","volume-title":"The Human Nervous System","author":"Price JL","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.4.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90079-9","article-title":"Esophageal Lewy bodies associated with ganglion cell loss in achalasia. Similarity to Parkinson's disease","volume":"87","author":"Qualman SJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_2","first-page":"609","article-title":"Lewy bodies in the visceral autonomic nervous system in Parkinson's disease","volume":"60","author":"Wakabayashi K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.suppl_4.iv15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(00)00127-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903300203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61859-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903600403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012547626-3\/50016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2006.00727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000204179.88955.fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.13.4531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90063-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(96)00255-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199812)253:6<176::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00059-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02731.2000","article-title":"Progressive postnatal assembly of limbic\u2010autonomic circuits revealed by central transneuronal transport of pseudorabies virus","volume":"20","author":"Rinaman L","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688709020060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.9.3852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2003.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-2-101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901660302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"The viral hypothesis in parkinsonism","volume":"19","author":"Elizan TS","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"A possible role of influenza A virus infection for Parkinson's disease","volume":"86","author":"Takahashi M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490400042003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500140053010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500450023002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500440032004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02688623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510010045007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90184-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000227906.99570.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Sense of smell in allergic rhinitis","volume":"52","author":"Klimek L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0410139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(85)90129-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901910204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90163-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-001-0750-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-45295-0_16"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T21:04:52Z","timestamp":1696885492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1846","1365-2990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1846","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]]}}}