{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T06:11:17Z","timestamp":1698732677846},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>P. S. Pahlavan, W. Sutton, R. J. Buist and M. R. Del Bigio (2012) <jats:italic>Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>38<\/jats:bold>, 723\u2013733<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Multifocal haemorrhagic brain damage following hypoxia and blood pressure lability: case report and rat model<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold> Haemorrhagic brain damage is frequently encountered as a complication of premature birth. Much less frequently, multifocal petechial haemorrhage is identified in asphyxiated term newborns. Our goal was to develop an experimental rat model to reproduce this pattern of brain damage. <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Neonatal rat pups were exposed to a 24\u2010h period of 10% or 8% hypoxia followed by a single dose of phenylephrine. Acute and subacute changes, as well as long\u2010term outcomes, were investigated by histology, brain magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural assessment. Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor and caveolin\u20101 was performed in the rat brains as well as in a 17\u2010day human case. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Small foci of haemorrhage were identified in almost all regions of the rat brain subjected to hypoxia plus phenylephrine, but not hypoxia alone. Exposure to 8% hypoxia was associated with more haemorrhagic foci than 10% hypoxia. With rare exceptions, the blood deposits were too small to be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Altered immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor and caveolin\u20101 in the child and the rat model suggests a role for blood\u2013brain barrier compromise. There were no clear behavioural changes and no residual morphological abnormalities in the 78\u2010day follow\u2010up of the rats. <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> We conclude that transient hypoxia, in a dose\u2010dependent manner, can weaken the vasculature and predispose to brain haemorrhage in the situation of labile blood pressure. Persistent hypoxia is likely to be important in the genesis of permanent severe brain damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2012.01257.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T11:47:42Z","timestamp":1328010462000},"page":"723-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multifocal haemorrhagic brain damage following hypoxia and blood pressure lability: case report and rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"P. 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