{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:54:15Z","timestamp":1761742455593},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otitis media is one of the most common infections of early childhood. Children who first experience acute otitis media at an early age (before 6\u2003months) are at increased risk for recurrent otitis media. This prospective study investigated exposure to measured levels of airborne household mould and the risk of early otitis media in the first 6\u2003months of life among a cohort of infants at high risk for asthma. Between September 1996 and December 1998, women were invited to participate if they had at least one other child with physician\u2010diagnosed asthma. Mothers were given a standardised questionnaire within 4\u2003months of their infant's birth. Airborne mould samples were also taken at this time, and culturable fungi were categorised into four levels according to the report of the Commission of European Communities: 0 (undetectable), 1\u2013499 colony forming units (CFU)\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (low), 500\u2013999\u2003CFU\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (medium), \u22651000\u2003CFU\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (high). Infant respiratory symptoms were collected during quarterly telephone interviews at 6, 9 and 12\u2003months of age.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2003Of the 806 children in the study, 27.8% experienced otitis media before six months of age. Household levels of <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> were modestly associated with the number of otitis media episodes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.056 and 0.081 respectively). After controlling for potential confounders, <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> were not associated with early otitis media. High levels of \u2018other\u2019 mould (defined as total spore count minus counts for <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic>, and yeast) were associated with early otitis media (OR 3.49; 95% CI [1.38, 8.79]). We also found associations between day\u2010care outside of the home and birth during the summer or fall season with early otitis media. This study is suggestive of a relationship between otitis media and mould that warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2004.00596.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T14:13:16Z","timestamp":1099663996000},"page":"441-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of early\u2010onset otitis media in infants and exposure to household mould"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Melinda M.","family":"Pettigrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janneane F.","family":"Gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Triche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen 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