{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:56:05Z","timestamp":1787014565598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,21]],"date-time":"2005-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We explored the relationship of umbilical cord insertion and fusion of placentas with birthweight in monozygotic monochorionic (MZ MC), monozygotic dichorionic (MZ DC), and dizygotic (DZ) twins. In addition, we evaluated some of the possible factors responsible for the restricted intrauterine growth of twins compared with singletons. The birthweight of 4529 liveborn twin pairs of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey was prospectively recorded, placentas were examined, and site of umbilical cord insertion was determined after delivery. Birthweight of 76\u2003490 liveborn singletons was obtained from the Study Centre for Perinatal Epidemiology (SPE). Infants with a peripheral cord insertion weighed 150\u2003g less (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003&lt;\u20030.001) than infants with a central cord insertion. DZ infants had a significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003&lt;\u20030.001) higher incidence of central cord insertion than MZ DC and MZ MC infants. MZ DC infants with fused placentas and a peripheral cord insertion weighed on average 300\u2003g less (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003&lt;\u20030.01) than infants with separate placentas and a central cord insertion. In DZ infants, fusion of the placentas did not affect birthweight. Twins gain less weight per week of gestation than singletons from 32\u2003weeks onwards (twins: 128\u2003g, 156\u2003g, 75\u2003g and singletons: 118\u2003g, 251\u2003g, 149\u2003g, weeks 27\u201331,32\u201336, 37\u201342 respectively). From week 32 onwards, parity, birth rank, cord insertion and number of placentas also influenced birthweight of twins. We conclude that the difference between the birthweights of DZ, MZ DC, and MZ MC infants may originate from the least favourable antenatal situation, namely fused placentas with a peripheral cord insertion, which occurs most frequently in MZ twins. Gestation is the main determinant of birthweight. Other placental and maternal factors have a modest but significant influence on prenatal growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00611.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,21]],"date-time":"2005-01-21T05:17:39Z","timestamp":1106284659000},"page":"15-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Determinants of birthweight and intrauterine growth in liveborn twins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ruth J. F.","family":"Loos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Derom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Derom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Vlietinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0080386"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.37.3.409","article-title":"Intrauterine growth of twins as estimated from liveborn birth\u2010weight data","volume":"37","author":"Naeye RL","year":"1966","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1979.tb10577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"684","article-title":"Zygosity and intrauterine growth of twins","volume":"55","author":"Grennert L","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004244"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90628-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000240213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004943","article-title":"Disturbed intrauterine growth in twins","volume":"34","author":"Bj\u00f6ro Kjr, Bj\u00f6ro K","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000003834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/136905298320566131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00052-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"785","article-title":"Velamentous cord insertion in monochorionic twin gestation: an added risk factor","volume":"42","author":"Machin GA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-5456(01)00220-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"VlietinckR.Determination of the zygosity of twins. 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