{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:36:29Z","timestamp":1792416989095,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Paediatric Perinatal Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence from developed countries has linked family violence with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), yet no similar studies have been conducted in developing countries where the risk of SAM is higher. To redress this gap, the objective of this study was to explore the role of intimate partner violence (IPV) among caregivers as an independent risk factor for SAM. A hospital\u2010based case\u2013control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003172\u2003:\u2003345) study was carried out in six paediatric hospitals of Rio de Janeiro (1995\u201399). Cases comprised children (1\u201324\u2003months) admitted with SAM (weight\u2010for\u2010height <jats:italic>z\u2010<\/jats:italic>score &lt; \u22122\u2003SD). Controls were children of the same age admitted for non\u2010traumatic surgery. Couple violence was gauged through the Conflict Tactics Scales from two perspectives: (a) two ordinal variables characterising the intensity of verbal and physical aggression based on scores, and (b) a four\u2010level variable representing a pattern of increasing violence seriousness. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to control for confounding factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Parents of SAM cases had higher Conflict Tactics scores than parents of controls, indicating more severe partner violence. The adjusted odds ratio for the comparison of the highest to the lowest scores (10 vs. 0) was 4.15 (95% confidence interval 1.55, 11.15). Using the four\u2010level variable for violence seriousness, a threefold SAM risk was found for children with parents reporting severe physical abuse, but not for those with parents reporting verbal aggression or more minor physical assaults. In addition to traditionally studied risk factors, the findings suggest that family violence may also play an important role in SAM among children. Moreover, these findings indicate that the risk for SAM is not associated with all types of IPV, but that children exposed to severe and recurrent events are more likely to be admitted for SAM. For the prevention or early detection of SAM, this result points to a specific population group requiring rigorous public health targeting, especially in terms of accurate detection of both SAM and IPV, as well as appropriate handling and follow\u2010up of violent families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T12:40:31Z","timestamp":1149770431000},"page":"299-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Parental violence and the occurrence of severe and acute malnutrition in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Hasselmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Reichenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Nutrition for Health and Development: A Global Agenda for Combating Malnutrition.","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1980","volume":"78","author":"De Onis M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"657","article-title":"Nutritional status of Brazilian children: trends from 1975 to 1989","volume":"70","author":"Monteiro CA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/5c9fcb62-en","volume-title":"The State of World\u2019s Children 1998.","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"An epidemiological study of pre\u2010school child malnutrition in Santo Domingo","volume":"27","author":"MacCorquodale DW","year":"1977","journal-title":"Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Nutritional problems in developing countries","volume":"8","author":"Udani PM.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Paediatrician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101985000200008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Human Growth \u2013 A Comprehensive Treatise.","author":"Martorell R","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7198-8_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda para evaluar el estado de nutrici\u00f3n.","author":"Beghin I","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.2.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Ecologia da Desnutri\u00e7\u00e3o na Inf\u00e2ncia: An\u00e1lise da Evid\u00eancia das Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Entre Vari\u00e1veis S\u00f3cio\u2010econ\u00f4micas e Estado Nutricional.","author":"Shrimpton R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03160240031007","article-title":"Evidence that growth failure from maternal deprivation is secondary to undereating","volume":"209","author":"Whitten CF","year":"1969","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Nutrition, the Nervous System and Behavior.","author":"Cravioto J","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"Can we learn from successful mothers?","volume":"18","author":"Wray JD.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Lactancia materna, peso, diarr\u00e9ia y desnutricion en el primer a\u00f1o de vida","volume":"95","author":"Vargas LI","year":"1983","journal-title":"Boletin Sanit\u00e1rio Panamerica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1991.tb07417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"698","article-title":"Disfunci\u00f3n de la din\u00e1mica familiar como un factor asociado a desnutrici\u00f3n primaria grave en el ni\u00f1o","volume":"52","author":"Garibay EMV","year":"1995","journal-title":"Boletin Medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1993000500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Competencia materna y desnutrici\u00f3n, un instrumento para su evaluaci\u00f3n","volume":"46","author":"Di Iorio SN","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102002000200011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Velhos e Novos Males da Sa\u00fade no Brasil: A Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Pa\u00eds e de Suas Doen\u00e7as.","author":"Monteiro AC.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Velhos e Novos Males da Sa\u00fade no Brasil: A Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Pa\u00eds e de Suas Doen\u00e7as.","author":"Monteiro AC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90395-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199203000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","volume-title":"Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8145 Families","author":"Straus MA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","volume-title":"Intimate Violence in Families","author":"Gelles RJ.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10257-000","volume-title":"Children Exposed to Marital Violence. Theory, Research, and Applied Issues.","author":"Holden GW","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1967.tb00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(67)80127-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1968.tb83393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/26.7.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3101(22)00844-1","article-title":"The development of abused children","volume":"21","author":"Martin HP","year":"1974","journal-title":"Advances in Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1976.02120060036007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","volume-title":"Child Abuse","author":"Kempe H","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Psychosocial functioning of mothers of malnourished children","volume":"62","author":"Kerr MAD","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"An update on surgical management in 256 cases","volume":"203","author":"Caniano DA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Child Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10803.x","article-title":"Growth patterns in child abuse","volume":"343","author":"Taitz LS","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288902800704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289203100904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1695-4033(01)77551-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","first-page":"879","article-title":"Failure to thrive","volume":"68","author":"Krugman SD","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-6465(22)02354-4","article-title":"Psychosocial failure to thrive. Nursing assessment and intervention","volume":"8","author":"Barnard MU","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nursing Clinics of North America"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287401300204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"The abused and deprived child","volume":"225","author":"Bamford FN.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70317-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106342669800600203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","volume-title":"Children and Interparental Violence: The Impact of Exposure","author":"Rossmann BBR","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-200103000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200401000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00194-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00192-7","article-title":"Identified spouse abuse as a risk factor for child abuse","volume":"24","author":"Rumm PD","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman KJ","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Behrman RE","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101998000500006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","volume-title":"Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102001000100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/351733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000400030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014012003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.10.1121","article-title":"The CAGE questionnaires: validation of new alcoholism screening instrument","volume":"131","author":"Mayfield D","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do question\u00e1rio CAGE para detec\u00e7\u00e3o da s\u00edndrome de depend\u00eancia do \u00e1lcool em 700 adultos na cidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"7","author":"Capriglione MJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","volume-title":"Drug Use Among Non\u2010Student Youth.","author":"Smart RG","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.22.1.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199601000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software\/SE, Release 8.2.","author":"StataCorp.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00117-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15246090260137644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.3.305","article-title":"Nutrition, infant behavior, and maternal characteristics: a pilot study in West Bengal, India","volume":"29","author":"Graves PL","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Maternal\u2013child interaction in survivors of severe malnutrition who received psychosocial stimulation","volume":"43","author":"Grantham\u2010McGregor S","year":"1988","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.2307\/1130852","article-title":"Attachment in chronically underweight young children","volume":"61","author":"Valenzuela M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91890-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_2","first-page":"332","article-title":"Child rearing and positive deviance in the development of preschoolers: a microanalysis","volume":"38","author":"Aruna M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/46.5.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483345109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_2","volume-title":"Epidemiology: An Introduction","author":"Rothman K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(81)90038-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_2","volume-title":"The Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community","author":"Jellife DB.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00976369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Conflict resolution tactics in Japan, India, and USA","volume":"3","author":"Kumagai F","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199503000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.2.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024958332093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_2","volume-title":"Maus Tratos Contra Crian\u00e7as e Adolescentes: Prote\u00e7\u00e3o e Preven\u00e7\u00e3o. Guia de Orienta\u00e7\u00e3o Para Profissionais de Sa\u00fade.","author":"ABRAPIA","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.2.105"}],"container-title":["Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3016.2006.00735.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T07:15:39Z","timestamp":1697267739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00735.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-5022","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]]}}}