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The vast majority of reported cases of IRD have been associated with mycobacterial, chronic viral and invasive fungal infections; such cases result from dysregulated augmentation of cell\u2010mediated type 1 cytokine\u2010secreting host immune responses. However, the spectrum of infections now recognized as associated with IRD is expanding and includes a number of parasitic infections, which may be mediated by different immunopathological mechanisms. These include leishmaniasis (visceral, cutaneous, mucosal and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis), schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis. Since the major burden of HIV lies in resource\u2010limited countries where access to ART is now rapidly expanding, increased awareness and knowledge of these phenomena is important. Here we review the clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of IRD associated with parasitic infections.<\/jats:italic> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00900.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1152278546000},"page":"625-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following antiretroviral treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S. D.","family":"LAWN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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