{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:34:24Z","timestamp":1757702064965},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Many parasitic helminths produce large quantities of glycosylated proteins, some if which are believed to be involved in the skewing towards the dominant Th2 response observed during helminth infection. Galectin\u20103 is a member of a family of lectin\u2010binding proteins produced by many different types of immune cells, including macrophages. Galectin\u20103 recognizes the GalNAc\u03b21\u20104GlcNAc (LDN) epitope present on many helminth antigens, including those of the schistosome eggs. Here we show that galectin\u20103 is not involved in the development of the Th2 response nor in schistosome granuloma formation. Galectin\u20103\u2010deficient mice were able to expel the gastrointestinal nematode<\/jats:italic> Trichuris muris <jats:italic>at the same speed as wild\u2010type mice. Expulsion of<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0muris <jats:italic>is known to be dependent on a Th2 immune response and galectin\u20103\u2010deficient mice showed no defect in their ability to produce Th2 cytokines or in their antibody responses, compared to wild\u2010type mice. Furthermore, galectin\u20103\u2010deficient mice were also able to mount a Th2 response to<\/jats:italic> Schistosoma mansoni <jats:italic>infection and they exhibited normal hepatic granuloma formation. The data presented here demonstrate that galectin\u20103 is not a critical component in the development of Th2 responses during helminth infection<\/jats:italic> in vivo<jats:italic>, nor is it essential for schistosome egg granuloma formation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00923.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T18:53:15Z","timestamp":1161370395000},"page":"93-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lack of galectin\u20103 involvement in murine intestinal nematode and schistosome infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Q.","family":"BICKLE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"HELMBY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(99)00064-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5676-5681.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02232-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00081a007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.7.3479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Expression 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