{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T23:57:56Z","timestamp":1775519876637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leishmania mexicana <jats:italic>causes localized and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) develop a benign disease, whereas patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) suffer from a progressive disease associated with anergy of the cellular response towards<\/jats:italic> Leishmania <jats:italic>antigens. We evaluated the production of the interleukins (IL) IL\u201012, IL\u201015, IL\u201018 and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40, B7\u20101 and B7\u20102 in monocytes from LCL and DCL patients, stimulated<\/jats:italic> in vitro <jats:italic>with<\/jats:italic> Leishmania mexicana <jats:italic>lipophosphoglycan (LPG) for 18\u00a0h. LCL monocytes significantly increased TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u201015 and IL\u201018 production, and this increase was associated with reduced amounts of IL\u201012. DCL monocytes produced no IL\u201015 or IL\u201018 and showed a decreasing tendency of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u201012 production as the severity of the disease increased.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>No difference was observed in the expression of CD40 and B7\u20101 between both groups of patients, yet B7\u20102 expression was significantly augmented in DCL patients. It remains to be established if this elevated B7\u20102 expression in DCL patients is cause or consequence of the Th2\u2010type immune response that characterizes these patients. These data suggest that the diminished ability of the monocytes from DCL patients to produce cell\u2010activating innate proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with LPG is a possible cause for disease progression.<\/jats:italic> <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00924.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,16]],"date-time":"2006-12-16T02:48:20Z","timestamp":1166237300000},"page":"117-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Monocyte cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression in patients infected with <i>Leishmania 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