{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:29:54Z","timestamp":1772465394687,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,22]],"date-time":"2007-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>The cytokine mRNA expression of IL\u201012, IFN\u2010\u03b3, TGF\u2010\u03b2, IL\u20104, and IL\u201010 were investigated in spleen, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in hamsters experimentally infected with<\/jats:italic> Opisthorchis viverrini. <jats:italic>Animals were infected with 5, 25 or 100 metacercariae (Mc) and examined by RT\u2010PCR and real\u2010time PCR at 2\u00a0weeks, 2 and 6\u00a0months after infection. The cytokine expression was compared using HPRT. The IL\u201012 was significantly expressed at 2\u00a0weeks in the liver of the 5\u2010 and 25\u2010Mc\u2010infected groups. It is correlated with the inflammation intensity found in the liver at the same time. The production of IFN\u2010\u03b3 was not increased. The significant increase in expression of IL\u201010 was observed in the 6\u2010month group in the spleen, which may suppress the Th1 and lead to a Th2 response. The IL\u20104 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 expressions in MLN were significantly increased, and correlated with the dose of infection, especially in the 6\u2010month groups. The TGF\u2010\u03b2 level in MLN was 15\u2010fold higher than in the uninfected control, compared to a twofold increase in spleen and liver. Because this parasite resides in the bile duct, the regulatory cytokine levels of mucosal immunity were enhanced more than those in systemic immunity. These results indicate the predominance of Th2 responses in chronic<\/jats:italic> O.\u00a0viverrini <jats:italic>infection, and the high level of TGF\u2010\u03b2 may inhibit the immune functions, which allows the parasites to evade host immune response.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00929.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,22]],"date-time":"2007-01-22T10:48:07Z","timestamp":1169462887000},"page":"159-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cytokine expression in hamsters experimentally infected with <i>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"JITTIMANEE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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