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Despite the fact that most trypanosomes cannot be considered natural pathogens for rodents, experimental infections in mice have shed a tremendous amount of light on the general biology of these parasites and their interaction with and evasion of the mammalian immune system. Different aspects including inflammation, vaccine failure, antigenic variation, resistance\/sensitivity to normal human serum and the influence of tsetse compounds on parasite transmission have all been addressed using mouse models. In more recent years, the introduction of various \u2018knock\u2010out\u2019 mouse strains has allowed to analyse the implication of various cytokines, particularly TNF, IFN\u03b3 and IL\u201010, in the regulation of parasitaemia and induction of pathological conditions during infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2011.01293.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]],"date-time":"2011-04-11T12:44:25Z","timestamp":1302525865000},"page":"423-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Mouse models for pathogenic African trypanosomes: unravelling the immunology of host\u2013parasite\u2013vector interactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"MAGEZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"CALJON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(92)90024-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8472-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00017-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200999165X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antigenic variation in syringe passaged populations of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei. 1. 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