{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:46:40Z","timestamp":1789634800521,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Indonesian thin\u2010tail (ITT) sheep can resist infection with <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic> but not <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic> and presents an ideal model to investigate the mechanisms of liver fluke resistance in a natural host. This study examines the local and systemic immune responses of sheep during <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> infection and demonstrates that different anatomical tissues display distinct cytokine profiles consistent with liver fluke migration. The study also reveals a significant difference in the cytokine and antibody profiles of ITT sheep infected with <jats:italic>F.\u00a0gigantica<\/jats:italic> compared with <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>, with a higher ratio of IL\u20104\/IFN\u2010\u03b3 mRNA expression and specific IgG1\/IgG2 antibodies strongly correlating with pathology. Interestingly, the significant type\u20101 cytokine profile occurred in the lymph node closest to the site of infection at a time when the effective immune response against <jats:italic>F.\u00a0gigantica<\/jats:italic> liver flukes is thought to occur. When the same <jats:italic>F.\u00a0gigantica<\/jats:italic> infection in the resistant ITT sheep was compared with the susceptible Merino breed, the resistant type\u20101 phenotype against liver fluke infection was only observed in the ITT sheep. These studies provide the first evidence to suggest that the induction of an early type\u20101 immune response in this natural sheep host may be responsible for the ability to resist liver fluke infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2011.01305.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,30]],"date-time":"2011-06-30T14:19:02Z","timestamp":1309443542000},"page":"495-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Resistance to liver fluke infection in the natural sheep host is correlated with a type\u20101 cytokine response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"PLEASANCE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"WIEDOSARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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