{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T09:52:25Z","timestamp":1786787545628,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Spirocerca lupi<\/jats:italic> is a nematode that infects the dog\u2019s oesophagus and promotes the formation of an inflammatory fibroblastic nodule that progresses to sarcoma in approximately 25% of cases. Spirocercosis\u2010associated oesophageal sarcoma is an excellent and under\u2010utilized spontaneous model of parasite\u2010associated malignancy. The inflammatory infiltrate of paraffin\u2010embedded, non\u2010neoplastic oesophageal nodules (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200346), neoplastic nodules (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200325) and normal oesophagus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314) was examined by immunohistochemistry using MAC387 (myeloid cells), CD3 (T cells), Pax5 (B cells) and FoxP3 (T regulatory cells) antibodies. Myeloid cells predominated in 70% of nodules, in pockets around the worms\u2019 migratory tracts and in necro\u2010ulcerative areas in neoplastic cases. T cells predominated in 23% of cases with a focal or diffuse distribution, in the nodule periphery. No significant differences were observed between neoplastic and non\u2010neoplastic stages. FoxP3+ cells were observed in low numbers, not significantly different from the controls. The inflammation in spirocercosis is characterized by pockets of pus surrounded by organized lymphoid foci. There was no evidence of a local accumulation of FoxP3+ cells, unlike many previous studies that have reported an increase in FoxP3+ T cells in both malignancies and parasite infections. The triggering factor(s) driving the malignant transformation of the spirocercosis\u2010associated chronic inflammatory nodule warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2011.01316.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,19]],"date-time":"2011-07-19T23:31:05Z","timestamp":1311118265000},"page":"545-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunohistochemical characterization of lymphocyte and myeloid cell infiltrates in spirocercosis\u2010induced oesophageal nodules"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"DVIR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"SCHOEMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"CLIFT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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