{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:01:25Z","timestamp":1792166485319,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helminths and their products can suppress the host immune response which may benefit parasite survival. <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> can establish chronic infections in a wide range of mammalian hosts including humans and mice. Here, we aim at studying the effect of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic> muscle larvae excretory\/secretory products (TspES) on the functionality of DC and T cell activation. We found that TspES suppress <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> DC maturation induced by both S\u2010 and R\u2010form lipopolysaccharide(LPS) from enterobacteria. Using different toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) agonists, we show that the suppressive effect of TspES on DC maturation is restricted to TLR4. These helminth products also interfere with the expression of several genes related to the TLR\u2010mediated signal transduction pathways. To investigate the effect of TspES on T cell activation, we used splenocytes derived from OVA\u2010TCR transgenic D011.10 that were incubated with OVA and TspES\u2010pulsed DC. Results indicate that the presence of TspES resulted in the expansion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003Foxp3+ T cells. These regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to have suppressive activity and to produce TGF\u2010\u03b2. Together these results suggest that <jats:italic>T.\u00a0spiralis<\/jats:italic> secretion products can suppress DC maturation and induce the expansion of functional Treg cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2012.01353.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T05:03:38Z","timestamp":1326085418000},"page":"210-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["<i>Trichinella spiralis\u2010<\/i>secreted products modulate DC functionality and expand regulatory T cells <i>in 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