{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:57:04Z","timestamp":1792738624260,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Cell &amp; Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010host disease resistance involves the production of hypersensitive response (HR), a programmed cell death (PCD) that occurs at the site of pathogen infection. Plant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and red\u2010ox changes play a major role in regulating such cell death. Proline catabolism reactions, especially pyrroline\u20105\u2010carboxylate (P5C) accumulation, are known to produce ROS and contribute to cell death. Here we studied important genes related to proline synthesis and catabolism in the defence against host and non\u2010host strains of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic> and Arabidopsis. Our results show that ornithine delta\u2010aminotransferase (<jats:italic>\u03b4OAT<\/jats:italic>) and proline dehydrogenases (<jats:italic>ProDH1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ProDH2<\/jats:italic>) are involved in the defence against non\u2010host pathogens. Silencing of these genes in <jats:italic>N.\u2003benthamiana<\/jats:italic> delayed occurrence of HR and favoured non\u2010host pathogen growth. Arabidopsis mutants for these genes compromised non\u2010host resistance and showed a decrease in non\u2010host pathogen\u2010induced ROS. Some of the genes involved in proline metabolism were also induced by a pathogen\u2010carrying avirulence gene, indicating that proline metabolism is influenced during effector\u2010triggered immunity (ETI). Our results demonstrate that <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>OAT and ProDH enzyme\u2010mediated steps produce ROS in mitochondria and regulate non\u2010host HR, thus contributing to non\u2010host resistance in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2012.02492.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T06:36:35Z","timestamp":1328855795000},"page":"1329-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Ornithine\u2010delta\u2010aminotransferase and proline dehydrogenase genes play a role in non\u2010host disease resistance by regulating pyrroline\u20105\u2010carboxylate metabolism\u2010induced hypersensitive response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"MUTHAPPA","family":"SENTHIL\u2010KUMAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KIRANKUMAR 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