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The aim of this study was to evaluate PBMC subsets in children with chronic hepatitis C before treatment in order to find some predictive factors, useful for patients management. Several PBMC subsets, in particular lymphoid and dendritic cell (DC) ones, were tested by flow cytometry in HCV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> paediatric patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200346) and in control children matched in terms of age and sex (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200320). Data were subjected to extensive statistics. It was found that cells with cytotoxic potential such as CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> T cells, NK and NKT cells as well as lineage<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DC were increased in per cent values, while CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and CD4:CD8 ratio were decreased in hepatitis C group. In HCV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were inversely correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and with viraemia. DC subset of myeloid origin (CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) assessed both in per cent values and as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA\u2010DR expression was shown to be downregulated in hepatitis patients, in spite of increased numbers. To conclude, PBMC subsets, and in particular DC, are affected by HCV chronic infection in children, reflected by the correlation with clinical parameters, such as ALT and viraemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01741.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]],"date-time":"2006-03-08T14:45:46Z","timestamp":1141829146000},"page":"311-319","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Significance of Alterations in PBMC Immunophenotype of Children with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C \u2013 the Role of Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Mozer\u2010Lisewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dworacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Slu\u017cewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"\u017beromski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Biomedical Research Report","author":"Jonas MM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2001.01036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2388::AID-IMMU2388>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Hepatic and peripheral T\u2010lymphocyte patterns in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: what correlation with histologic activity?","volume":"14","author":"Perella A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01230-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2002.5245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Health Care Research.","author":"Munro BH","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0304197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7569","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.12.7569","article-title":"Human CD28\u2010CD8+ T cells contain greatly expanded functional virus\u2010specific memory CTL clones","volume":"162","author":"Weekes MP","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6681","article-title":"Presence of effector CD8+ T cells in hepatitis C virus\u2010exposed healthy seronegative donors","volume":"162","author":"Scognamiglio P","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00456-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.20.10862-10871.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20454"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2_2","unstructured":"BlandJM.An Introduction to Medical Statistics. 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