{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:37:55Z","timestamp":1759333075672},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia and recurrent infections. Although early works pointed to a primary B\u2010lymphocyte defect as a cause of the disease, a failure in T\u2010lymphocyte cooperation has also been suggested. T cells exert their costimulatory function through either membrane costimulatory molecules or secreted cytokines, both having an influence in the development of the humoral response. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether an abnormal expression and induction of costimulatory molecules or alterations in the production of cytokines by T cells cause deficient T\/B cooperation in CVID patients. We studied the expression and upregulation of costimulatory molecules (CD28, CD40L\/CD154 and CTLA\u20104\/CD152) and production of cytokines (IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) in purified T lymphocytes from CVID patients stimulated with optimal doses of anti\u2010CD3 or suboptimal doses of anti\u2010CD3 and anti\u2010CD28. Stimulated T cells from CVID patients expressed normal levels of CD28, CD40L\/CD154 and CTLA\u20104\/CD152 when compared with controls. Except for higher production of IL\u20104 after stimulation with anti\u2010CD3, T cells of CVID patients produced similar amounts of cytokines compared with controls. An imbalance between costimulatory molecules expression (CD28, CD40L\/CD154 and CTLA\u20104\/CD152) and cytokine production by T cells does not explain a deficient cooperation between T and B cells in this group of CVID patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01753.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T18:48:28Z","timestamp":1145990908000},"page":"383-389","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Costimulatory Molecules and Cytokine Production by T Lymphocytes in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Pons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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