{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:19:16Z","timestamp":1782602356571,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,9]],"date-time":"2006-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe how peripheral immune\u2010parameters reflect the inflammatory alterations of the atherosclerotic plaques in coronary atherosclerosis. We measured general inflammatory markers C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and granulocyte activity, lymphocyte subpopulations and their state of activation, evaluated circulating Th1\/Th2\u2010type cytokines, and specific intracytoplasmic cytokines. We investigated the association of immune\u2010parameters with disease outcome and mortality. Thirty\u2010three patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 62 with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and 58 healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups were quantified by flow cytometry, soluble cytokines and autoantibodies were assessed using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while intracellular cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry after intracellular staining. We found elevated levels of CRP and granulocyte activity in ACS versus CAD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.017, respectively). Natural killer (NK) cell percentages were elevated, while percentage of T cells to the total lymphocyte count was slightly decreased in ACS compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.012, respectively). Both forms of coronary atherosclerosis showed significantly higher percentages of activated T cells than controls when stained for the activation markers HLA\u2010DR3 and CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (ACS: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.002, CAD: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.018, respectively). IL\u20101, IL\u20104 and IL\u201010 proved significantly higher in ACS versus controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.036, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.0001 respectively). Th1 to Th2 ratio shifted towards a Th1 dominance in both diseases. Both general proinflammatory markers and activated T cells signify CAD. The orchestrated proinflammatory cascade eventually leads to the development of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01816.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,9]],"date-time":"2006-08-09T13:59:12Z","timestamp":1155131952000},"page":"336-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Th1\/Th2 Imbalance, Measured by Circulating and Intracytoplasmic Inflammatory Cytokines \u2013 Immunological Alterations in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Szodoray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Timar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Veres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Szomjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Lakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aleksza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Nakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Szegedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Soltesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.507996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Ohashi R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1201.100220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200010000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00346-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000163891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01983484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.12.2823"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01922-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Autoantibodies associated with atherosclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Shoenfeld Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/IMM-120016242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu1011oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Anti\u2010endothelial cells antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease: frequency and association with clinical symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Bodolay E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200107)44:7<1484::AID-ART269>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180210412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00630-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2004.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"436","volume-title":"Arthritis and Allied Conditions. 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