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We have previously reported the induction of donor\u2010specific tolerance in MHC\u2010disparated recipient mice by using our cyclophosphamide (CP)\u2010induced tolerance conditioning. In this study, we examined the efficacy of our CP\u2010induced tolerance conditioning in xenogenic transplantation model. F344 rats and B10 mice were used as donors and recipients. Recipient mice were treated with donor spleen cells, CP, Busulfan and bone marrow cells, with or without prior NK\u2010cell depletion. Donor mixed chimerism, and the presence of donor reactive T\u2010cell population were analysed by flow cytometry. The survival of the donor skin grafts were observed after the conditioning. Donor mixed chimerism was temporary induced but terminated at 10\u2003weeks after treatments. Donor\u2010specific prolongation of the skin graft survival was observed after the treatments, however, grafts were rejected in the long term. NK\u2010cell depletion, prior to the treatments, did not affect the levels of the mixed chimerism or graft prolongation. The donor\u2010reactive recipient T\u2010cell population was remained the same level as the untreated mice, suggesting the failure of the induction of the central T\u2010cell tolerance. Thus, partial efficacy of our CP\u2010induced tolerance treatments in the rat to mice xenotransplantation was observed. Our results suggested that the additional treatments were required to establish the stable xenogenic tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01831.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,14]],"date-time":"2006-09-14T08:31:54Z","timestamp":1158222714000},"page":"392-397","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Application of Chimerism\u2010based Drug\u2010induced Tolerance to Rat into Mouse Xenotransplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Iwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q.\u2010W.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kajiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Onzuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198406000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(85)80029-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(88)91352-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198502000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198708000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.2.463","article-title":"Importance of suppressor T cells in cyclophosphamide\u2010induced tolerance to the non\u2010H\u20102\u2010encoded alloantigens. 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