{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:53:29Z","timestamp":1791071609870,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold> Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles, self\u2010assemble into capsid particles and are extremely immunogenic, hold promise as an immune\u2010enhancing vaccine carrier for heterologous antigens. However, formation of virus\u2010like particles (VLP) can be restricted by size and structure of heterlogous antigens. In the study, we investigated formation of VLP by modified HBc fused with specified foot\u2010and\u2010mouth disease virus (FMDV) multiepitopes and evaluated their immune effects. Firstly, three HBc display vectors (pHBc1, pHBc2 and pHBc3) were constructed by deletions of different lengths within the HBc c\/e1 region: 75\u201378 amino acid (aa), 75\u201380 aa and 75\u201382 aa respectively. Secondly, we inserted different compositions of FMDV multiepitopes, BT [VP1(141\u2013160)\u2013VP4(21\u201340)] and BTB [VP1(141\u2013160)\u2013VP4(21\u201340)\u2013VP1(141\u2013160)], into modified regions. As a result, only plasmid pHBc3\u2010BTB of six recombinant vectors was expressed as soluble protein, which resulted in the formation of complete VLP confirmed by electron microscopy. Recombinant VLP could be taken up by cells and presented <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the modified VLP displayed a significantly stronger immunogenicity than other five recombinant proteins and GST\u2010BTB with a higher titer of peptide\u2010specific and virus\u2010specific antibody, elevated IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and interleukin\u20104 production, especially enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. The results encourage further work towards the development of FMDV vaccines using hepatitis B virus core particles fused with FMDV epitopes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01900.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T16:59:24Z","timestamp":1174582764000},"page":"320-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Enhanced Immunogenicity of Modified Hepatitis B Virus Core Particle Fused with Multiepitopes of Foot\u2010and\u2010Mouth Disease Virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Y.\u2010L.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010J.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.7.3319-3330.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.12950-12960.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.5.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.9.5232-5241.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.7.4107-4116.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Vaccines 87. 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