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Here we studied the effect of IGF\u2010I <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in BALB\/c mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with stationary phase <jats:italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes. IGF\u2010I was used to pre\u2010incubate either macrophage or parasite before infection of the macrophages or adding it at the start of the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2013macrophage culture and maintaining it throughout the experimental period. Independent of stimulation protocol, IGF\u2010I induced significantly increased parasite growth within macrophages. Arginase activation considered as a key factor in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> growth was studied, and its expression and activity were increased in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected macrophages but significantly more in infected cells upon IGF\u2010I stimulus, an effect specifically inhibited by NOHA. Arginase known to be present on <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> was also studied, and its expression and activity were seen in the absence of any stimulus but significantly increased after 5\u2003min of incubation with IGF\u2010I. In addition, <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> was pre\u2010incubated with NOHA for 5\u2003min, washed, then macrophages infected observing a significantly reduced parasite burden in both IGF\u2010I\u2010stimulated and non\u2010stimulated macrophages. Reciprocal decrease in the nitric oxide (NO) level and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression were also observed in IGF\u2010I\u2010stimulated infected macrophages. Our data strongly suggest that IGF\u2010I induces preferential expression and activation of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> promastigote arginase, contributes to the alternative activation of macrophages in the context of innate immunity and interferes with NOS pathway in infected macrophages probably as a reciprocal effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01950.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]],"date-time":"2007-06-22T00:23:30Z","timestamp":1182471810000},"page":"287-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effect of Insulin\u2010like Growth Factor\u2010I on <i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i> Promastigote Arginase Activation and Reciprocal Inhibition of NOS2 Pathway in Macrophage <i>In vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"C. M. 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