{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:12:29Z","timestamp":1762521149221},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]],"date-time":"2007-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis is an immune cell\u2010mediated chronic liver disease of unknown cause that leads, when untreated, to cirrhosis and liver failure. Importantly, this disease affects not only adults but children as well. Genetic susceptibility is clearly important and the major susceptibility factor identified up to now is the <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/jats:italic> locus, but other genes may play a role as well. <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/jats:italic> alleles present in South American patients differ from those found in patients in other parts of the world. In addition, we have recently identified two chromosomal regions where additional susceptibility factors may be found in Brazilian patients, namely, the class III MHC region and the 5q31 region where the <jats:italic>IL\u20104<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL\u201013<\/jats:italic> genes are located. This review discusses the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease occurring in the setting of an immune\u2010privileged organ, the liver, and compares the data on gene polymorphisms studied in Brazil and in other parts of the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01967.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]],"date-time":"2007-06-25T12:49:02Z","timestamp":1182775742000},"page":"208-216","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Autoimmune Hepatitis in Brazil: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"A. C.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. L.","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ramasawmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L. C.","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.1394a.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90427-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","volume-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","author":"Bittencourt PL","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200406001-00462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.24227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90186-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Anti\u2010actin specificity of human smooth muscle antibodies in chronic active hepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Lidman K","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Human smooth muscle autoantibody. Its identification as antiactin antibody and a study of its binding to \u201cnonmuscular\u201d cells","volume":"72","author":"Gabbiani G","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000020491.78450.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(03)00036-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Antibodies against myofibrillar proteins in myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"17","author":"Takaya M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830188809051179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70186-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693021000054101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/215744a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01957-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2002.01063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2002.01062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1401","article-title":"Endotoxin down\u2010regulates T cell activation by antigen\u2010presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells","volume":"162","author":"Knolle PA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(05)80009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"CD45RA and CD45RO isoform expression on intrahepatic T\u2010lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"92","author":"Fiore G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00356-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-4-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.028613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60897-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.3.1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90041-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Genetics in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 [abstr]","volume":"14","author":"Manns M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651996000300001","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in a day\u2010care center in the municipality of Sao Paulo","volume":"38","author":"De Mello AL","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000200001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(00)00234-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(02)00023-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4000-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47571998000300001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"A CTLA4 polymorphism affects lymphocyte mRNA levels but is not associated with type\u20101 diabetes in a Canadian dataset","volume":"40","author":"Barnes R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189809043002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00153-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1280","article-title":"IL\u201010 and viral IL\u201010 prevent IL\u20104\u2010induced IgE synthesis by inhibiting the accessory cell function of monocytes","volume":"151","author":"Punnonen J","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.4.549"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3083.2007.01967.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01967.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:08:51Z","timestamp":1693386531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01967.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01967.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01967.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}