{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1773923437840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> B proteoliposome (AFPL1 when used as adjuvant) and its derivative\u2010Cochleate (AFCo1) contain immunopotentiating and immunomodulating properties and delivery system capacities required for a good adjuvant. Additionally, they contain meningococcal protective antigens and permit packaging of other antigens and pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMP). Consequently, we hypothesized that they would function as good vaccine adjuvants for their own antigens and also for non\u2010related antigens. AFPL1 is a detergent\u2010extracted outer membrane vesicle of <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic> B transformed into AFCo1 in calcium environment. Both are produced at Finlay Institute under good manufacture practices (GMP) conditions. We show their exceptional characteristics: combining in the same structure, the potentiator activity, polarizing agents and delivery system capacities; presenting multimeric protein copies; containing multiprotein composition and multi and synergistic PAMP components; acting with incorporated or co\u2010administrated antigens; inducing type I IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201012 cytokines suggesting the stimulation of human plasmocytoid precursor and conventional dendritic cells, respectively, inducing a preferential Th1 immune response with TCD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, TCD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, cross\u2010presentation and cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte (CTL) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> responses; and functioning by parenteral and mucosal routes. AFPL1\u2013AFCo1 protective protein constitutions permit <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> their function as a vaccine. In addition to Phase IV Men BC vaccine, AFPL1 has ended the preclinical stage in an allergy vaccine and is concluding the preclinical stage of a nasal meningococcal vaccine. In conclusion, AFPL1 and AFCo1 induced signal 1, 2 and 3 polarizing to a Th1 (including CTL) response when they acted directly as vaccines or were used as adjuvants with incorporated or co\u2010administered antigens by parenteral or mucosal routes. Both are very promising adjuvants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.01981.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T11:48:39Z","timestamp":1184586519000},"page":"271-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["New Vaccines Require Potent Adjuvants like AFPL1 and AFCo1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cuello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Zayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Barber\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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