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We investigated DC levels by flow cytometry in BM at diagnosis, during and post\u2010treatment in 76 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The levels of both plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and myeloid DC (mDC) were profoundly reduced at diagnosis. However, the levels of pDC and mDC were significantly higher in T\u2010precursor ALL patients when compared with B\u2010precursor ALL patient group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.044 and 0.041 respectively). Both subsets normalized in both standard\u2010risk (SR) and high\u2010risk patients after the end of induction at day 50. Patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) at day 50 had significantly higher pDC levels than MRD\u2010negative patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.021). In B\u2010precursor SR ALL patients, mDC levels but not pDC levels decreased during prolonged maintenance treatment, remaining reduced at the end of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.032) and at 6\u2003months post\u2010treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.028). In conclusion, levels of DC in BM normalize quickly in children treated for ALL. Long\u2010term treatment may more profoundly affect mDC subset, which shows reduced levels several months after treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.02007.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,24]],"date-time":"2007-09-24T11:58:33Z","timestamp":1190635113000},"page":"572-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dendritic Cell Regeneration in the Bone Marrow of Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Laane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"L\u00f6nnerholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"S\u00f6derh\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Porwit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(02)00106-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.5.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010151114741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.e91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5405.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00456-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"487","article-title":"Human blood contains two subsets of dendritic cells, one immunologically mature and the other immature","volume":"82","author":"O\u2019Doherty U","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.6.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.13.3750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03831.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2001.03318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Clinical significance of defective dendritic cell differentiation in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Almand B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"1787","article-title":"Alterations in the frequency of dendritic cell subsets in the peripheral circulation of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"8","author":"Hoffmann TK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dendritic cells in peripheral blood of patients with breast and lung cancer \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Wojas K","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401214","article-title":"The value of c\u2010kit in the diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia","volume":"12","author":"EGIL (European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukaemias)","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. 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