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In this study, we evaluated a recombinant vaccine prepared from non\u2010pathogenic <jats:italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/jats:italic> (rMS) that expresses a fusion of early secreted antigenic target 6\u2010kDa antigen (ESAT6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10). C57BL\/6 mice were immunized with the rMS expressing the ESAT6\u2010CFP10 fusion protein (rM.S\u2010e6c10) or with BCG. The mice in the rM.S\u2010e6c10 group had a significantly higher titre of anti\u2010ESAT6\u2010CFP10 antibodies than did animals in the BCG or saline groups. Spleen cells from rM.S\u2010e6c10\u2010immunized mice exhibited a cytotoxic response to ESAT6 and CFP10\u2010expressed target cells, but spleen cells from animals in the other groups did not. Levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20102 production by purified T cells from spleens were significantly higher in rM.S\u2010e6c10 group than in BCG group. Finally, after <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB)\u2010challenged mice, dramatic reduction in the numbers of <jats:italic>MTB<\/jats:italic> colony\u2010forming units (CFUs) in the lungs was observed for the mice immunized with the rMS. The protective efficacy of rM.S\u2010e6c10 and BCG vaccination was similar based on measures of MTB burden and lung pathology. Our data indicate that the recombinant <jats:italic>M.\u00a0smegmatis<\/jats:italic> vaccine expressing the ESAT6\u2010CFP10 fusion protein has potential in clinic application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02448.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,12]],"date-time":"2010-07-12T22:43:53Z","timestamp":1278974633000},"page":"349-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Recombinant <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/i> Expressing an ESAT6\u2010CFP10 Fusion Protein Induces Anti\u2010Mycobacterial Immune Responses and Protects Against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Challenge in 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