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In addition, alterations in the intestinal microbiota that is normally involved in the homeostasis of GALT (gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissue) seem to play a role in CD. In accordance with these findings, we previously reported that <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic> can induce a strong enhancement of the T cell\u2010mediated response to gliadin without inducing enteropathy. In this study, we analysed the effects of <jats:italic>L.\u00a0casei<\/jats:italic> administration in a mouse model of gliadin\u2010induced villous damage that was recently developed and involves the inhibition of cyclo\u2010oxygenase (COX) activities in gliadin\u2010sensitized HLA\u2010DQ8 transgenic mice. To address the issue, we assessed the weight loss, the intestinal cytokine pattern, the density of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and morphometry of the gut mucosa. We confirmed that COX inhibition in sensitized mice caused villus blunting, dysregulated expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and reduced gliadin\u2010specific IL\u20102 production. Notably, the administration of probiotic strain induced a complete recovery of villus blunting. This finding was associated with a delay in weight decrease and a recovery of basal TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels, whereas the numbers of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and the levels of IL\u20102 remained unchanged. In conclusion, our data suggest that the administration of <jats:italic>L.\u00a0casei<\/jats:italic> can be effective in rescuing the normal mucosal architecture and GALT homeostasis in a mouse model of gliadin\u2010induced enteropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02582.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T13:25:36Z","timestamp":1306329936000},"page":"335-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effects of <i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i> Administration in a Mouse Model of Gliadin\u2010Sensitive 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