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Although chromium release assay is recognized as \u2018gold standard\u2019 for measuring NK cell activity, it has disadvantages like use of radioactive compounds, poor loading and high spontaneous release. It is difficult to perform this assay in clinical laboratory because of difficulties with disposal of radioactive waste and standardization problems. We describe a flow cytometry\u2010based assay for the measurement of NK cell activity by incorporating fluorescent dye, DiO, into membranes of target cells. NK cell activity was measured at baseline, 1 and 4\u2003weeks follow\u2010up in 20 normal healthy individuals on a dietary supplement immunomodulator to enhance NK cell function. Mean baseline NK cell activity percentage (21.5; SD\u2003=\u20039.3) increased significantly to a maximum level at 1\u2003week (31.3%; SD\u2003=\u20037.9; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.007) and then returned to baseline level at 4\u2003weeks (21.5; SD\u2003=\u20038.3). An important feature of flow cytometry\u2010based assays is its ability to discriminate effector cells from target cells, and potential for explaining molecular interactions underlying target cell lysis. Under clinical settings, this assay will be of interest for frequently monitoring immunological status of patients on treatment for various diseases that affect their immune status. The assay is easy to perform without using radioactive material and thus could become a tool for monitoring pathogenesis and immune reconstitution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02667.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T08:53:40Z","timestamp":1323680020000},"page":"455-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Evaluation of a Flow Cytometry\u2010Based Assay for Natural Killer Cell Activity in Clinical Settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Valiathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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