{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:44:44Z","timestamp":1791927884228,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]],"date-time":"2006-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plants of the order Ranunculales, especially members of the species <jats:italic>Papaver<\/jats:italic>, accumulate a large variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with about 2500 structures, but only the opium poppy (<jats:italic>Papaver somniferum<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Papaver setigerum<\/jats:italic> are able to produce the analgesic and narcotic morphine and the antitussive codeine. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for this exceptional biosynthetic capability by comparison of alkaloid profiles with gene expression profiles between 16 different <jats:italic>Papaver<\/jats:italic> species. Out of 2000 expressed sequence tags obtained from <jats:italic>P. somniferum<\/jats:italic>, 69 show increased expression in morphinan alkaloid\u2010containing species. One of these cDNAs, exhibiting an expression pattern very similar to previously isolated cDNAs coding for enzymes in benzylisoquinoline biosynthesis, showed the highest amino acid identity to reductases in menthol biosynthesis. After overexpression, the protein encoded by this cDNA reduced the keto group of salutaridine yielding salutaridinol, an intermediate in morphine biosynthesis. The stereoisomer 7\u2010<jats:italic>epi<\/jats:italic>\u2010salutaridinol was not formed. Based on its similarities to a previously purified protein from <jats:italic>P. somniferum<\/jats:italic> with respect to the high substrate specificity, molecular mass and kinetic data, the recombinant protein was identified as salutaridine reductase (SalR; EC 1.1.1.248). Unlike codeinone reductase, an enzyme acting later in the pathway that catalyses the reduction of a keto group and which belongs to the family of the aldo\u2010keto reductases, the cDNA identified in this study as SalR belongs to the family of short chain dehydrogenases\/reductases and is related to reductases in monoterpene metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2006.02860.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]],"date-time":"2006-09-13T08:58:04Z","timestamp":1158137884000},"page":"177-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Comparative transcript and alkaloid profiling in <i>Papaver<\/i> species identifies a short chain dehydrogenase\/reductase involved in morphine biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Voigtl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kramell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Miersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gesell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni M.","family":"Kutchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.023895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel F.M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502239200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.007989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106405200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.053306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(92)80020-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.9969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47073-1","article-title":"Differential and tissue\u2010specific expression of a gene family for tyrosine\/dopa decarboxylase in opium poppy","volume":"269","author":"Facchini P.J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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