{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:00:11Z","timestamp":1791162011328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reversible modifications of target proteins by small ubiquitin\u2010like modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in many cellular processes in yeast and animals. Yet little is known about the function of sumoylation in plants. Here, we show that the <jats:italic>SIZ1<\/jats:italic> gene, which encodes an Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase, regulates innate immunity. Mutant <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic> plants exhibit constitutive systemic\u2010acquired resistance (SAR) characterized by elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), increased expression of pathogenesis\u2010related (<jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic>) genes, and increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic>) DC3000. Transfer of the <jats:italic>NahG<\/jats:italic> gene to <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic> plants results in reversal of these phenotypes back to wild\u2010type. Analyses of the double mutants, <jats:italic>npr1 siz1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pad4 siz1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ndr1 siz1<\/jats:italic> revealed that <jats:italic>SIZ1<\/jats:italic> controls SA signalling. <jats:italic>SIZ1<\/jats:italic> interacts epistatically with <jats:italic>PAD4<\/jats:italic> to regulate PR expression and disease resistance. Consistent with these observations, <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic> plants exhibited enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000 expressing <jats:italic>avrRps4<\/jats:italic>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the <jats:italic>EDS1\/PAD4<\/jats:italic>\u2010dependent TIR\u2010NBS\u2010type <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene. In contrast, <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic> plants were not resistant to <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> DC3000 expressing <jats:italic>avrRpm1<\/jats:italic>, a bacterial avirulence determinant that responds to the NDR1\u2010dependent CC\u2010NBS\u2010type <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene. Jasmonic acid (JA)\u2010induced <jats:italic>PDF1.2<\/jats:italic> expression and susceptibility to <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic> were unaltered in <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic> plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SIZ1 is required for SA and PAD4\u2010mediated <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene signalling, which in turn confers innate immunity in Arabidopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2006.02947.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T13:45:10Z","timestamp":1165412710000},"page":"79-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Salicylic acid\u2010mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis is regulated by SIZ1 SUMO E3 ligase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong 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