{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:07:31Z","timestamp":1792346851058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plant membrane potential reports on the activity of electrogenic plasma membrane transport processes. The membrane potential is widely used to report for early events associated with changes in light regime, hormone action or pathogen attacks. The membrane potentials of guard cells can be precisely measured with microelectrodes, but this technique is not well suited for rapid screens with large sample numbers. To provide the basis for large\u2010scale membrane potential recordings, we took advantage of voltage\u2010sensitive dyes. Using the fluorescent dyes bis\u2010(1,3\u2010dibutylbarbituric acid)\u2010trimethine oxonol (DiBAC<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(3)) and the FLIPR Membrane Potential Assay Kit (FMP) dye we followed changes in the membrane potential in guard cells and vacuoles. Based on the fluorescence of DiBAC<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(3) a method was established for quantification of the membrane potential in guard cell protoplasts which should be considered as an excellent system for high\u2010throughput screening of plant cells. In the absence of abscisic acid (ABA), one\u2010third of the guard cell protoplast population spontaneously oscillated for periods of 5\u20106\u2003min. Upon application of ABA the hyperpolarized fraction (\u223c50%) of the guard cell protoplast population depolarized within a few minutes. Membrane potential oscillations were terminated by ABA. Oscillations and ABA responses were found in cell populations with active anion channels. Thus time\u2010 and voltage\u2010dependent anion channels likely represent the ABA\u2010sensitive conductance and part of the membrane potential oscillator. The suitability of membrane potential dyes was tested on vacuoles, too. Dye\u2010based vacuolar membrane polarization was monitored upon ATP exposure. We conclude that voltage\u2010sensitive dyes provide an excellent tool for the study of changes in the membrane potential in vacuole as well as guard cell populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2008.03498.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,21]],"date-time":"2008-03-21T14:19:52Z","timestamp":1206109192000},"page":"161-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The use of voltage\u2010sensitive dyes to monitor signal\u2010induced changes in membrane potential\u2013ABA triggered membrane depolarization in guard cells<sup>\u2020<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Kai R.","family":"Konrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35082575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.119.3.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01114904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705710200700110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01868810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(00)00064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(84)90535-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00963820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(88)83158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(94)90035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(99)01383-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Effect 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