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We discovered a nucleus\u2010localized ERF gene in rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>OsERF3<\/jats:italic>, that was rapidly up\u2010regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) <jats:italic>Chilo suppressalis<\/jats:italic>. Antisense and over\u2010expression of <jats:italic>OsERF3<\/jats:italic> revealed that it positively affects transcript levels of two mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and two WRKY genes as well as concentrations of jasmonate (JA), salicylate (SA) and the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors (TrypPIs). OsERF3 was also found to mediate the resistance of rice to SSB. On the other hand, <jats:italic>OsERF3<\/jats:italic> was slightly suppressed by the rice brown planthopper (BPH) <jats:italic>Nilaparvata lugens<\/jats:italic> (St\u00e5l) and increased susceptibility to this piercing sucking insect, possibly by suppressing H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> biosynthesis. We propose that OsERF3 affects early components of herbivore\u2010induced defense responses by suppressing MAPK repressors and modulating JA, SA, ethylene and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> pathways as well as plant resistance. Our results also illustrate that OsERF3 acts as a central switch that gears the plant\u2019s metabolism towards an appropriate response to chewing or piercing\/sucking insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2011.04709.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T17:14:34Z","timestamp":1312996474000},"page":"583-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["An EAR\u2010motif\u2010containing ERF transcription factor affects herbivore\u2010induced signaling, defense and resistance in 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