{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:49:43Z","timestamp":1790678983783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,23]],"date-time":"2011-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calreticulin (CRT) is an endoplasmic reticulum\u2010resident calcium\u2010binding molecular chaperone that is highly conserved in multi\u2010cellular eukaryotes. Higher plants contain two distinct groups of CRTs: CRT1\/CRT2 and CRT3 isoforms. Previous studies have shown that bacterial elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR), a pattern\u2010recognition receptor that is responsible for pathogen\u2010associated molecular pattern\u2010triggered immunity, is a substrate for Arabidopsis CRT3, suggesting a role for CRT3 in regulating plant defense against pathogens. Here we report that Arabidopsis CRT2 is another regulator of plant innate immunity. Despite significantly increased salicylic acid levels and constitutive expression of the systemic acquired resistance\u2010associated marker genes <jats:italic>PR1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PR5<\/jats:italic>, transgenic plants over\u2010expressing <jats:italic>CRT2<\/jats:italic> displayed reduced resistance to virulent <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> pv. tomato <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"DDBJ\/EMBL\/GenBank\" xlink:href=\"DC3000\">DC3000<\/jats:ext-link> (<jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"DDBJ\/EMBL\/GenBank\" xlink:href=\"DC3000\">DC3000<\/jats:ext-link>). A <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> overlay assay and a domain\u2010swapping experiment further demonstrated that the negatively charged C\u2010terminal tail of CRT2 is responsible for its high calcium\u2010binding capacity and function in regulating the endogenous salicylic acid level. In addition, over\u2010expression of the His173 mutant of <jats:italic>CRT2<\/jats:italic> greatly enhanced plant defense against <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"DDBJ\/EMBL\/GenBank\" xlink:href=\"DC3000\">DC3000<\/jats:ext-link>, supporting the existence of a self\u2010inhibition mechanism that can counteract the effects of salicylic acid\u2010dependent immune responses. These results suggest that CRT2 functions through its N\u2010terminal domain(s) as a self\u2010modulator that can possibly prevent the salicylic acid\u2010mediated runaway defense responses triggered by its C\u2010terminal calcium\u2010buffering activity in response to pathogen invasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2011.04807.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T16:12:46Z","timestamp":1317744766000},"page":"489-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["A dual regulatory role of Arabidopsis calreticulin\u20102 in plant innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Roje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.W.","family":"Poovaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54661-5","article-title":"Expression of calreticulin in Escherichia coli and identification of its Ca2\u2003+\u2003binding domains","volume":"266","author":"Baksh S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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