{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T09:48:10Z","timestamp":1789897690117,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]],"date-time":"2012-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plants exposed to heavy metals rapidly induce changes in gene expression that activate and enhance detoxification mechanisms, including toxic\u2010metal chelation and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. However, the mechanisms mediating toxic heavy metal\u2010induced gene expression remain largely unknown. To genetically elucidate cadmium\u2010specific transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis, we designed a genetic screen based on the activation of a cadmium\u2010inducible reporter gene. Microarray studies identified a high\u2010affinity sulfate transporter (\n                    <jats:italic>SULTR1;2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) among the most robust and rapid cadmium\u2010inducible transcripts. The\n                    <jats:italic>SULTR1;2<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter (2.2\u2003kb) was fused with the firefly luciferase reporter gene to quantitatively report the transcriptional response of plants exposed to cadmium. Stably transformed luciferase reporter lines were ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized, and stable M\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    seedlings were screened for an abnormal luciferase response during exposure to cadmium. The screen identified non\u2010allelic mutant lines that fell into one of three categories: (i) super response to cadmium (\n                    <jats:italic>SRC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutants; (ii) constitutive response to cadmium (\n                    <jats:italic>CRC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutants; or (iii) non\u2010response and reduced response to cadmium (\n                    <jats:italic>NRC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutants. Two\n                    <jats:italic>nrc<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants,\n                    <jats:italic>nrc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>nrc2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were mapped, cloned and further characterized. The\n                    <jats:italic>nrc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation was mapped to the \u03b3\u2010glutamylcysteine synthetase gene and the\n                    <jats:italic>nrc2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation was identified as the first viable recessive mutant allele in the glutathione synthetase gene. Moreover, genetic, HPLC mass spectrometry, and gene expression analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>nrc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>nrc2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, revealed that intracellular glutathione depletion alone would be insufficient to induce gene expression of sulfate uptake and assimilation mechanisms. Our results modify the glutathione\u2010depletion driven model for sulfate assimilation gene induction during cadmium stress, and suggest that an enhanced oxidative state and depletion of upstream thiols, in addition to glutathione depletion, are necessary to induce the transcription of sulfate assimilation genes during early cadmium stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2012.04924.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]],"date-time":"2012-01-28T10:23:34Z","timestamp":1327746214000},"page":"783-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Feedback inhibition by thiols outranks glutathione depletion: a luciferase\u2010based screen reveals glutathione\u2010deficient \u03b3\u2010ECS and glutathione synthetase mutants impaired in cadmium\u2010induced sulfate assimilation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Timothy 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