{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:07:07Z","timestamp":1794017227231,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>To cope with a lifetime of exposure to a variety of pathogens, plants have developed exquisite and refined defense mechanisms that vary depending on the type of attacking pathogen. Defense\u2010associated transcriptional reprogramming is a central part of plant defense mechanisms. Chromatin modification has recently been shown to be another layer of regulation for plant defense mechanisms. Here, we show that the RPD3\/HDA1\u2010class histone deacetylase HDA19 is involved in the repression of salicylic acid (SA)\u2010mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis. Loss of HDA19 activity increased SA content and increased the expression of a group of genes required for accumulation of SA as well as <jats:italic>pathogenesis related<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic>) genes, resulting in enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>. We found that HDA19 directly associates with and deacetylates histones at the <jats:italic>PR1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PR2<\/jats:italic> promoters. Thus, our study shows that HDA19, by modifying chromatin to a repressive state, ensures low basal expression of defense genes, such as <jats:italic>PR1<\/jats:italic>, under unchallenged conditions, as well as their proper induction without overstimulation during defense responses to pathogen attacks. Thus, the role of HDA19 might be critical in preventing unnecessary activation and self\u2010destructive overstimulation of defense responses, allowing successful growth and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313x.2012.04977.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,2]],"date-time":"2012-03-02T19:44:32Z","timestamp":1330717472000},"page":"135-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["HDA19 is required for the repression of salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid\u2010mediated defense responses in 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