{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:28:03Z","timestamp":1769023683220,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution of ivermectin has dramatically altered the nature of onchocerciasis control. Existing economic analyses of ivermectin distribution programmes show that these programmes have a highly beneficial impact. Most analyses have estimated the economic benefits in terms of increased labour productivity as a result of reductions in blindness, and in terms of additional land\u2010availability because of a reduced transmission of the parasite. Economic evaluations of the Onchocerciasis Control Program (OPC) in West Africa have calculated a net present value \u2013 equivalent discounted benefits minus discounted costs \u2013 of $485\u2003million for the programme over a 39\u2010year period, using a conservative 10% rate to discount future health and productivity gains. The net present value for the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) is calculated at $88\u2003million over a 21\u2010year time period, also using a 10% discount rate. Cost\u2010effectiveness analyses of ivermectin distribution have found a cost of $14\u2013$30 per disability\u2010adjusted life\u2010year prevented \u2013 estimates comparable with other priority disease control programmes. However, the economic success of ivermectin distribution is sensitive to the fact that the drug itself has been donated free of charge. The market value of Merck's donations to the APOC for just 1\u2003year considerably outweighs the benefits calculated for both the OPC and the APOC over the life of these projects. Pending the development of an effective macrofilaricide, the distribution of ivermectin will remain a public health priority into the foreseeable future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01210.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T08:05:46Z","timestamp":1081843546000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Economic evaluation of Mectizan distribution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"H. R.","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Rehwinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1993.11812784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-1-12"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Delivery systems and cost recovery in Mectizan treatment for onchocerciasis","volume":"92","author":"Amazigo U","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Economic impact of onchocerciasis control through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: an overview","volume":"92","author":"Benton B","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Cost\u2010benefits of onchocerciasis control","volume":"59","author":"Benton B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Leidensia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Cost\u2010benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice","author":"Boardman A","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)12450-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Summary 2001 Program Review for the Carter Center\/Lions SightFirst Riverblindness Programs","author":"Carter Center","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"The Mectizan (Ivermectin) Donation Program for Riverblindness as a Paradigm for Pharmaceutical Industry Donation Programs","author":"Coyne P","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Cost\u2010effectiveness in Health and Medicine","author":"Gold MR","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"An Economic Re\u2010Evaluation of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control","author":"Haddix A","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Joint Programme Committee (JPC)(2002)Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa. 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