{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1791040243288,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Akka oasis, in the province of Tata, southern Morocco, is one of the oldest foci of urinary schistosomiasis in Morocco where transmission is still taking place. We report the results of two studies: a cross\u2010sectional snail survey investigated the distribution of <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic> in relation to habitat factors in the Akka traditional irrigation system. The presence of aquatic vegetation, especially <jats:italic>Potamogeton<\/jats:italic> sp. was identified as a key factor determining snail occurrence and abundance in canals, impoundments and isolated small puddles and streamlets in the Akka riverbed. In a participatory rapid appraisal, the community identified snail control as a way to reduce transmission of schistosomiasis. Without any further outside incentives, the local irrigation committee implemented repeated cleaning and vegetation removal in canals. A longitudinal study evaluated the effect of these measures on populations of <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>. Snail and egg mass densities showed significant reductions after repeated vegetation clearing in the study sites. The participatory approach led to low\u2010cost, environment\u2010friendly schistosomiasis control measures that were effective and sustainable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01301.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T13:18:32Z","timestamp":1097673512000},"page":"997-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Environmental control of schistosomiasis through community participation in a Moroccan oasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Eline","family":"Boelee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammou","family":"Laamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of literature on abiotic factors influencing the distribution and life cycles of bilharziasis intermediate host snails","volume":"11","author":"Appleton CC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Malacological Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Irrigation ecology of schistosomiasis: environmental control options in Morocco","author":"Boelee E","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482295184","volume-title":"Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. 2nd edn","author":"Brown D","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Existence d'un foyer de bilharziose v\u00e9sicale \u00e0 Akka (d\u00e9couvert pour la premi\u00e8re fois)","volume":"63","author":"Connet M","year":"1937","journal-title":"Maroc M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Snails and aquatic vegetation in Gezira irrigation canals","volume":"88","author":"Hilali AMH","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer DW","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"R\u00f4le des param\u00e8tres de conception, de gestion et de maintenance des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s dans la transmission et la lutte contre la bilharziose au Maroc central","volume":"11","author":"Laamrani H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cahiers Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Proceedings of \u2018Workshop on Medical and Veterinary Malacology in Africa\u2019, Harare, Zimbabwe, November 8\u201312, 1999, Harare, Zimbabwe","author":"Laamrani H","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Guide de la lutte contre la bilharziose","author":"Laaziri M","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"La gestion des r\u00e9seaux dans certains grands p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s marocains","volume":"59","author":"Lahlou O","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hommes, Terre et Eaux"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Intermediate hosts of schistosomes: ecology and control","volume":"17","author":"Madsen H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2403751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Studies on snail populations in the Rahad agricultural scheme, the Sudan, with special emphasis on Bulinus truncatus (Audouin) and Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Kraus) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), snail intermediate hosts for species of the genus Schistosoma","author":"Meyer\u2010Lassen J","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Second projet de d\u00e9veloppement de la petite et moyenne hydraulique (4 tranche). 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