{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:37:45Z","timestamp":1762270665789},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on freeze\u2010dried (FD) <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> antigen was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of kala\u2010azar in a rural setting in eastern Sudan. The performance of the FD\u2010DAT was compared with standard liquid antigen (LQ) by testing serum samples and blood samples collected on filter paper of microscopically and PCR\u2010confirmed VL patients, apparently healthy endemic controls and patients with other relevant infectious diseases for the region. In the present study, the FD\u2010DAT had a sensitivity of 96.8% and a specificity of 96.2%. The LQ\u2010DAT had a sensitivity of 91.0% and a specificity of 96.6%. A high degree of agreement (97.3%; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2010value 0.94) was observed between the FD\u2010DAT and the LQ\u2010DAT, as well as between the FD\u2010DAT performed on serum samples and corresponding blood samples collected on filter paper (agreement 97.8%; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2010value 0.79). The FD\u2010DAT is very suitable as diagnostic test for kala\u2010azar in remote rural conditions as it is sensitive, specific and stable. The antigen is affordable, reproducible and available, which contributes to the sustainability of the DAT as a diagnostic test for VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01308.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T13:20:44Z","timestamp":1097673644000},"page":"1127-1131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the direct agglutination test based on freeze\u2010dried <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i> promastigotes for the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudanese patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Khalid A. A.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bakri Y. M.","family":"Nour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk D. F. 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