{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:17:30Z","timestamp":1784823450997,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences in the state of health between rural and urban populations living in Africa have been described, yet only few studies analysed inequities within poor rural communities. We investigated disparities in parasitic infections, perceived ill health and access to formal health services among more than 4000 schoolchildren from 57 primary schools in a rural area of western C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, as measured by their socioeconomic status. In a first step, we carried out a cross\u2010sectional parasitological survey. Stool specimens and finger prick blood samples were collected and processed with standardized, quality\u2010controlled methods, for diagnosis of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, soil\u2010transmitted helminths, intestinal protozoa and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>. Then, a questionnaire survey was carried out for the appraisal of self\u2010reported morbidity indicators, as well as housing characteristics and household assets ownership. Mean travel distance from each village to the nearest health care delivery structure was provided by the regional health authorities. Poorer schoolchildren showed a significantly higher infection prevalence of hookworm than better\u2010off children. However, higher infection prevalences of intestinal protozoa (i.e. <jats:italic>Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Endolimax nana<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Iodamoeba b\u00fctschlii<\/jats:italic>) were found with increasing socioeconomic status. Significant negative associations were observed between socioeconomic status and light infection intensities with hookworm and <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, as well as with several self\u2010reported morbidity indicators. The poorest school\u2010attending children lived significantly further away from formal health services than their richer counterparts. Our study provides evidence for inequities among schoolchildren's parasitic infection status, perceived ill health and access to health care in a large rural part of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. These findings call for more equity\u2010balanced parasitic disease control interventions, which in turn might be an important strategy for poverty alleviation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01352.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T11:45:41Z","timestamp":1105530341000},"page":"42-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Disparities in parasitic infections, perceived ill health and access to health care among poorer and less poor schoolchildren of rural C\u00f4te d'Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Raso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kigbafori D.","family":"Silu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ouattara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahoua","family":"Yapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abale","family":"Toty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Matthys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Vounatsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli\u00e9zer K.","family":"N'Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12515-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00060-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Risk factors of infant and child mortality in rural Burkina Faso","volume":"82","author":"Becher H","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813601"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"The risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children as an environmental health indicator to guide preventive activities in Capara\u00f3 and Alto Capara\u00f3, Brazil","volume":"80","author":"Carneiro FF","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90001-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00612-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00559-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czh009"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-2798"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_14_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data \u2013 or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India","volume":"38","author":"Filmer D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14744-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_16_1","volume-title":"The Burden of Disease among the Global Poor: Current Situation, Future Trends, and Implications for Strategy","author":"Gwatkin DR","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_17_1","volume-title":"Socio\u2010Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population in the C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. 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