{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:01:35Z","timestamp":1761487295894},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Widespread coverage of vulnerable populations with insecticide\u2010treated nets (ITNs) constitutes an important component of the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) strategy to control malaria. The Abuja Targets call for 60% coverage of children under 5\u2003years of age and pregnant women by 2005; but current coverage in Africa is unacceptably low. The RBM \u2018Strategic Framework for Coordinated National Action in Scaling\u2010up Insecticide\u2010Treated Netting Programmes in Africa\u2019 promotes coordinated national action and advocates sustained public provision of targeted subsidies to maximise public health benefits, alongside support and stimulation of the private sector. Several countries have already planned or initiated targeted subsidy schemes either on a pilot scale or on a national scale, and have valuable experience which can inform future interventions. The WHO RBM \u2018Workshop on mapping models for delivering ITNs through targeted subsidies\u2019 held in Zambia in 2003 provided an opportunity to share and document these country experiences. This paper brings together experiences presented at the workshop with other information on experiences of targeting subsidies on ITNs, net treatment kits and retreatment services (ITN products) in order to describe alternative approaches, highlight their similarities and differences, outline lessons learnt, and identify gaps in knowledge. We find that while there is a growing body of knowledge on different approaches to targeting ITN subsidies, there are significant gaps in knowledge in crucial areas. Key questions regarding how best to target, how much it will cost and what outcomes (levels of coverage) to expect remain unanswered. High quality, well\u2010funded monitoring and evaluation of alternative approaches to targeting ITN subsidies is vital to develop a knowledge base so that countries can design and implement effective strategies to target ITN subsidies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01355.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T11:45:41Z","timestamp":1105530341000},"page":"19-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Experience of targeting subsidies on insecticide\u2010treated nets: what do we know and what are the knowledge gaps?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eve","family":"Worrall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Mortimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_23_2_1","volume-title":"Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) Discount Voucher Scheme Pilot in Kibaha District. Implementation Report June\u2013December 2003","author":"CARE Tanzania","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_3_1","volume-title":"An Evaluation of the Distribution of Free Insecticide\u2010Treated Nets to Pregnant Women in Kenya between April and July 2001 (draft)","author":"Guyatt HL","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_4_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Cost\u2010effectiveness of social marketing of insecticide\u2010treated nets for malaria control in the United Republic of Tanzania","volume":"81","author":"Hanson K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_5_1","volume-title":"The Economics of Malaria Control Interventions","author":"Hanson K","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13811-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_7_1","first-page":"CD000363","article-title":"Insecticide\u2010treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria","author":"Lengeler C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_8_1","volume-title":"Targeted Subsidies for Expanded and Sustainable ITN and Anti\u2010malarial Drug Use in Uganda","author":"Saade C","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_9_1","volume-title":"Scaling\u2010up Insecticide\u2010Treated Netting Programmes in Africa: a Strategic Framework for Coordinated National Action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_10_1","volume-title":"Targeted Subsidy Strategies for National Scale ITNs: Principles and Approaches","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/6c788b5e-en","volume-title":"Africa Malaria Report 2003","author":"World Health Organization\/UNICEF","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_12_1","volume-title":"Kilosa ITN Voucher Pilot Project. Project Progress Report as from July to September, 2003","author":"World Vision Tanzania","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2004.01355.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01355.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T07:13:39Z","timestamp":1696922019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01355.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01355.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01355.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}