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In the countries hardest affected by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, AIDS increases workloads, professional frustration and burn\u2010out. It affects health workers also directly, contributing to rising sick leave and attrition rates. This burden is shouldered by a health workforce weakened already by chronic deficiencies in training, distribution and retention. In these countries, health workforce issues can no longer be analysed from the traditional perspective of human resource development, but should start from the position that entire societies are in a process of social involution of a scale unprecedented in human history. Strategies that proved to be effective and correct in past conditions need be reviewed, particularly in the domains of human resource management and policy\u2010making, education and international aid. True paradigm shifts are thus required, without which the fundamental changes required to effectively strengthen the health workforce are unlikely to be initiated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01397.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,31]],"date-time":"2005-03-31T12:21:47Z","timestamp":1112271707000},"page":"300-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Viewpoint: HIV\/AIDS and the health workforce crisis: What are the next steps?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Marchal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent De","family":"Brouwere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Kegels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200404300-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The Impact of HIV\/AIDS on the Health Sector in Botswana","author":"Abt Associates South Africa Inc.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS, equity and health sector personnel in Southern Africa","author":"Aitken J\u2010M","year":"2003"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis","volume":"50","author":"Anonymous","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199403000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Human Capital and the HIV Epidemic in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa","author":"Cohen D","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199506000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129850123975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5089\/9781451845709.001","volume-title":"The Economic Consequences of HIV\/AIDS in Southern Africa","author":"Haacker M","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"A Review of the Human Resource Content of PRSP and HIPC Documentation in 6 Selected African Countries","author":"HSRC","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"The Health Sector. 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