{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:06:26Z","timestamp":1765231586275},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> To assess whether the trachoma vector Musca sorbens<\/jats:italic> was breeding in household latrines in a trachoma\u2010endemic part of The Gambia.<\/jats:p>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Longitudinal study of flies emerging from 16 sentinel household latrines selected at random from a list of all latrines present in four Gambian villages. Latrines were surveyed and fly traps were set over the drop hole for 24\u2003h once per month for a year.<\/jats:p>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> All the sentinel latrines were of the \u2018Gambian improved household latrine\u2019 design, which has a cement slab but is not ventilated or fly\u2010proofed. The latrines were all in regular use by a family, mean number of users per latrine 14.8 (SD 8.0, range 2\u201329). Of 55\u2003351 flies caught in 192 catches 54\u2003130 (97.8%) were Chrysomya albiceps<\/jats:italic>, 690 (1.2%) Musca domestica<\/jats:italic>, 466 (0.8%) Chrysomya regalis<\/jats:italic> and 65 (0.1%) M. sorbens<\/jats:italic>. Of the M. sorbens<\/jats:italic> caught 61 (93.8%) were female.<\/jats:p>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Gambian improved household pit latrines cannot be considered a source of the trachoma vector M. sorbens<\/jats:italic>, and the promotion of pit latrines as a method to reduce M. sorbens<\/jats:italic> is warranted. A large number of C. albiceps<\/jats:italic> were caught emerging from the latrines, but this species is not considered to be of medical importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01432.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T08:22:11Z","timestamp":1118910131000},"page":"706-709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Household pit latrines as a potential source of the fly Musca sorbens<\/i>\u2013 a one\u2003year longitudinal study from The Gambia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria M.","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pateh","family":"Makalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000800013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90031-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90427-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15891-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Studies on the ecology of Musca sorbens Wied. in Egypt","volume":"42","author":"Hafez M","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologiqe D'Egypte"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1554-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Cannibalism and predation behaviour of the blowfly, Chrysomyia albiceps (Wiedmann) larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","volume":"25","author":"Omar AH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Global data on blindness","volume":"73","author":"Thylefors B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Report of the First Meeting of the WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma","author":"WHO","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Key to the third instar larvae of the synanthropic flies of Tadzhikistan","volume":"28","author":"Zimin LS","year":"1948","journal-title":"Opred Fauna USSR"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine & International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2005.01432.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01432.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T04:10:36Z","timestamp":1696911036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01432.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01432.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01432.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]]}}}