{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:29:35Z","timestamp":1793500175866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]],"date-time":"2005-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To assess the efficacy and safety of two different dosages of cotrimoxazole (CTX) in prophylaxis in HIV\u2010positive new smear\u2010positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Blantyre, Malawi.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2002<\/jats:bold> Randomized, double\u2010blind trial using 480 and 960\u2003mg of CTX given to new TB patients, who were followed up until the end of the tuberculosis treatment. The primary outcome was survival. The outcome in the two groups was also compared with an unselected cohort of similar patients registered in Zomba, Malawi in 1995 and new smear\u2010positive patients registered in the National Tuberculosis Programme in 1999. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of (opportunistic) events, especially bacterial pneumonia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> There were no statistically significant differences in mortality and bacterial pneumonia between the groups receiving the two different dosages. The case fatality rate at the end of the tuberculosis treatment was 15.4% in the 480\u2003mg group and 14.0% in the 960\u2003mg group. This was lower than the case fatality rate in the Zomba cohort (19.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.10) and lower than the case fatality rate in the national programme (21.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001). CTX was well tolerated. Compliance was fair.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> CTX prophylaxis may have a beneficial effect on mortality and morbidity in HIV\u2010infected smear\u2010positive tuberculosis patients in Malawi. The efficacy of both dosages is not significantly different. The intervention is cheap and easy to implement. These results would support implementation of CTX in this patient group until better strategies are available or evidence is convincingly presented to suggest that its benefit is marginal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01433.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]],"date-time":"2005-07-21T21:14:04Z","timestamp":1121980444000},"page":"723-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Efficacy and safety of two dosages of cotrimoxazole as preventive treatment for HIV\u2010infected Malawian adults with new smear\u2010positive tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Boeree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Sauvageot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hastings T.","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard E.","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200302140-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07399-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.6.8004318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)75236-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the outcome of treatment and survival of tuberculosis patients in Mwanza, Tanzania","volume":"2","author":"Broek J","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV\/AIDS patients at an urban district hospital in Kenya","volume":"80","author":"Chakaya JM","year":"2003","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17442-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"398","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli infections among patients with and without diarrhoea in the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"80","author":"Cranendonk RJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200201040-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Adult non\u2010viral lymphocytic meningitis in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)","volume":"93","author":"Eholie SP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societ\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92096-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200207050-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11074-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.810","article-title":"Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus\u2010infected adults in African countries","volume":"65","author":"Grant AD","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199511000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90197-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Catalogue","author":"IDA Formularium","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06201-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90335-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199312000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91862-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200102010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17225-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101260-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces mortality in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010positive tuberculosis patients in Karonga District, Malawi","volume":"82","author":"Mwaungulu FB","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90107-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"57","author":"Robberts FJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"The epidemiology of adult lung disease in Botswana","volume":"5","author":"Steen TW","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501053320114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Provisional WHO\/UNAIDS Secretariat Recommendations on the Use of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Adults and Children Living with HIV\/AIDS in Africa","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/37.suppl_B.55","article-title":"Adverse reactions to cotrimoxazole in HIV infection: a reappraisal of the glutathione\u2010hydroxylamine hypothesis","volume":"37","author":"Ven A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03465-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90306-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305020-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92910-T"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2005.01433.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01433.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T04:08:34Z","timestamp":1696910914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01433.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01433.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01433.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]]}}}