{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:05:22Z","timestamp":1768791922870,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,26]],"date-time":"2005-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for retreatment of mosquito nets used for the control of malaria and other vector\u2010borne diseases. The efficacy of LLINs after repeated washing under laboratory conditions has been used to predict long\u2010lasting efficacy under field conditions. We evaluated under laboratory conditions the wash resistance of two LLINs (PermaNet\u00ae 1.0, Vestergaard\u2010Frandsen, Denmark; Olyset\u00ae, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan), two candidate LLINs (Dawa\u00ae, Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Co., Thailand; Insector, Athanor, France) and a net treated with a process designed to increase its wash resistance and compared them with conventionally treated nets (deltamethrin, 25\u2003mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Nets of all six types were washed using a standard protocol and tested weekly using WHO cone bioassays with <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> (Kisumu strain). The PermaNet\u00ae 1.0 was the most wash resistant with &gt;50% mosquito mortality in WHO cone bioassays after as many as 20 washes. The Dawa\u00ae net also retained some activity after repeated washing but exhibited wide variation in insecticide retention and biological activity. The remaining nets lost &gt;90% of their biological activity after six washes as measured by 24\u2010h mortality of <jats:italic>A. gambiae<\/jats:italic> in WHO cone tests. After 20 washes, all nets lost &gt;50% of their initial insecticide concentrations except for the Olyset\u00ae net. After 20 washes, nets were heated for 4\u2003h at 60\u2003\u00b0C to determine whether biological activity could be restored by heat\u2010assisted regeneration. Only the Olyset\u00ae net was regenerated by heating, with average mosquito mortality and knockdown in WHO cone tests rising to &gt;90% after heating for 4\u2003h at 60\u2003\u00b0C. However, regeneration of the biological activity of Olyset\u00ae nets that had been washed three times did not occur at 30\u2003\u00b0C or 35\u2003\u00b0C after 12\u2003weeks. The wash resistance of these LLINs corresponded well to their retention of biological activity observed in a field trial, suggesting that wash resistance may be a good predictor of the longevity of insecticidal activity of LLINs under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,26]],"date-time":"2005-09-26T15:48:32Z","timestamp":1127749712000},"page":"1022-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Laboratory wash resistance of long\u2010lasting insecticidal nets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"John E.","family":"Gimnig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim A.","family":"Lindblade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight L.","family":"Mount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis K.","family":"Atieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wolkon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Dotson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"998","article-title":"Long\u2010lasting treated mosquito nets: a breakthrough in malaria prevention","volume":"79","author":"Guillet P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Efficacy of permethrin\u2010impregnated Olyset Net mosquito nets in a zone with pyrethroid resistance vectors. II. Parasitic and clinical evaluation","volume":"59","author":"Henry MC","year":"1999","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The Cochrane Library","author":"Lengeler C","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90411-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2001.00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90363-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Effects of permethrin\u2010impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors of northern Guatemala","volume":"28","author":"Richards FO","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Pan-American Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"The Africa Malaria Report, 2003","author":"WHO","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Review of Olyset Net and Bifenthrin 10% WP. Report of the 5th WHOPES Working Group Meeting","author":"WHOPES","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Review of Vectobac WG, PermaNet and Gokilaht\u2010S 5EC. Report of the 7th WHOPES Working Group Meeting","author":"WHOPES","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2005.01481.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T10:15:00Z","timestamp":1697278500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,26]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01481.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,26]]}}}