{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:58:14Z","timestamp":1771891094007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the resurgence of sleeping sickness in Luba, Equatorial Guinea, a major campaign to control the disease was established in 1985. The campaign comprised no vector control, but intensive active and passive surveillance using serology for screening, and treatment of all parasitological and suspected serological cases. Total prevalence was used to classify villages as endemic, at risk, anecdotal and non\u2010endemic which also allowed defining the geographic extent of the focus. Active case\u2010finding was implemented from 1985 to 2004. The frequency of surveys was based on parasitological prevalence: twice a year during intensified control, once a year during ordinary control and once every 2\u2003years during the control consolidation phase, when the parasitological prevalence in the whole focus fell to 0.1%. From 1985 to 1999, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used as an initial screening tool, followed by parasitological confirmation of IFAT positive cases, and the Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT) if necessary. In 2000, the IFAT was replaced by the CATT. Serum\u2010positive individuals without parasitological confirmation were subsequently tested on serial dilution. All cases underwent lumbar puncture to determine the stage of the disease. First\u2010stage cases were treated with pentamidine and second\u2010stage cases with melarsoprol. A few relapses and very advanced cases were treated with eflornithine. The last sleeping sickness case was identified and treated in 1995.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01624.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T17:08:31Z","timestamp":1145984911000},"page":"636-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The elimination of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/i> sleeping sickness in the focus of Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"P. P.","family":"Simarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ndongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Nguema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Jannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Propositions pour une strategie alternative de lutte contre la trypanosomiase humaine Africaine en Afrique centrale [Proposal for an alternative strategy in human African trypanosomiasis control in Central Africa]","volume":"28","author":"Bailly C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Le Bulletin de liaison et de documentation de l'OCEAC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis: use of double centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid to detect trypanosomes","volume":"66","author":"Cattand P","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.313","article-title":"Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis end\u2010dilution titer and cerebrospinal fluid cell count as predictors of human African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) among serologically suspected individuals in southern Sudan","volume":"71","author":"Chappuis F","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.133-146.2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The principles of disease elimination and eradication","volume":"76","author":"Dowdle WR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Estado actual de la Tripanosomiasis Humana en la zona sanitaria de San Carlos (Fernando Poo). 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