{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1791127311516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive study of human echinococcosis (caused by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>), including assessment of hospital records, community surveys and patient follow\u2010up, was conducted in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), China. In contrast to hospital records that showed 96% of echinococcosis cases were caused by cystic echinococcosis (CE), 56% of cases detected in active community surveys were caused by alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The AE and CE cases co\u2010existed frequently in the same village, even occurring in the same patient. A serious public health problem caused by echinococcosis was evident in southern NHAR, typified by: a long diagnostic history for both AE and CE (7.5\u2003years) compared with a shorter treatment history (4.7\u2003years); a significant mortality rate (39%) caused by AE in one surveyed village, where patients had no previous access to treatment; family aggregation of CE and AE cases; a high proportion of both AE (62.5%) and CE (58%) in females; a high rate of recurrent surgery (30%) for CE demonstrated by surgical records; and frequent symptomatic recurrences (51%) because of discontinuous or sporadic access to chemotherapy for AE. The disease burden for both human AE and CE is thus very severe among these rural communities in NHAR, and this study provides the first attempt to determine the costs of morbidity and surgical intervention of human CE and AE cases both at the hospital and community level in this setting. This information may be useful for assessing the cost effectiveness of designing effective public health programs to control echinococcosis in this and other endemic areas in China and elsewhere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01633.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T21:43:09Z","timestamp":1149630189000},"page":"880-888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Hospital and community surveys reveal the severe public health problem and socio\u2010economic impact of human echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Y. R.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Vuitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Giraudoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.2","article-title":"Economic effects of echinococcosis in a disease\u2010endemic region of the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"73","author":"Budke CM","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Epidemiology of echinococcosis in China","volume":"35","author":"Craig PS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003003639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02108-X","volume-title":"The Burden of Disease Among the Global Poor","author":"Gwatkin DR","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00221-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Eighty cases of alveolar hydatid disease treated with albendazole","volume":"9","author":"Li M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Inverse triangle of health resource allocation","volume":"10","author":"Liu X","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chinese Health Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003003676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14573-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development: Report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health","author":"Sachs JD","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of liver alveolar echinococcosis and liver cystic, echinococcosis in Xiji County, Ningxia","volume":"9","author":"Wang HL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis","volume":"74","author":"WHO","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00223-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.05.025718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.487","article-title":"Unique family clustering of human echinococcosis in A Chinese community","volume":"74","author":"Yang YR","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01633.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01633.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T07:06:59Z","timestamp":1696921619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01633.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01633.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01633.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}