{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:57:23Z","timestamp":1791442643356,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Fever tends to start at a lower level of parasitemia in <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ovale<\/jats:italic> than in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria, but hyperparasitemia and complications are more likely to occur in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. Therefore, we compared the relationship between parasitemia and host response parameters before therapy in 97 patients with <jats:italic>P.\u00a0faciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria (18 with complications), and 28 with <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ovale<\/jats:italic> malaria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> In both types of malaria, parasitemia correlated with blood levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Thrombin\u2013antithrombin III (TAT) and elastase, and these parameters were higher in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria than in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ovale<\/jats:italic> malaria. In contrast, the ratios of TNF\u2010alpha, TAT, elastase, and LDH per parasitized erythrocyte were higher in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ovale<\/jats:italic> malaria than in uncomplicated <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. They were lowest in complicated disease. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that parasitemia did not affect these differences.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> The host response may reach full strength at lower parasitemia in <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>ovale<\/jats:italic>, than in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. With hyperparasitemia in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria, the host response seems to be unable to control parasite multiplication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01635.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T21:43:09Z","timestamp":1149630189000},"page":"817-823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Stronger host response per parasitized erythrocyte in <i>Plasmodium vivax<\/i> or <i>ovale<\/i> than in <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> malaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christoph Josef","family":"Hemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich Georg Ernst","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins Batsirai","family":"Chiwakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil Christian","family":"Reisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Stimulators of tumour necrosis factor production released by damaged erythrocytes","volume":"83","author":"Bate CA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653723","article-title":"Antiparasitic treatment of patients with P.\u00a0falciparum malaria reduces the ability of patient serum to induce tissue factor by decreasing NF\u2010kappa B activation","volume":"73","author":"Bierhaus A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.39.1.1-6.1983","article-title":"Evidence for reactive oxygen intermediates causing hemolysis and parasite death in malaria","volume":"39","author":"Clark IA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769209079517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906153202404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.45.608","article-title":"Neither heparin nor acetylsalicylic acid influence the clinical course in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a prospective randomized study","volume":"45","author":"Hemmer CJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648889","article-title":"Elevated thrombomodulin plasma levels as a result of endothelial involvement in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"72","author":"Hemmer CJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.397","article-title":"Supportive pentoxifylline in falciparum malaria: no effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha levels or clinical outcome: a prospective, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled study","volume":"56","author":"Hemmer CJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.3.838"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.99","article-title":"Low levels of fibrin\u2010stabilizing factor (factor XIII) in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: correlation with clinical severity","volume":"60","author":"Holst FGE","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.4.1332","article-title":"Degradation of plasmodial antigens by human neutrophil elastase","volume":"141","author":"Janoff A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80688-6","article-title":"Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin\u20106 serum levels as markers for complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"87","author":"Kern P","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.4.930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.1.9-13.2000","article-title":"Opsonization and phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites measured by flow cytometry","volume":"7","author":"Kumaratilake LM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92827-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.3231","article-title":"Nonopsonic monocyte\/macrophage phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes: a role for CD36 in malarial clearance","volume":"96","author":"McGilvray ID","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: high plasma levels associated with rapid fever clearance","volume":"8","author":"Mordm\u00fcller BG","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Cytokine Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(89)90029-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01172-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/373992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"922","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha induces activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in baboons through an exclusive effect on the p55 receptor","volume":"88","author":"Van Der Poll T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90143-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1910.0075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recombinant tumour necrosis factor inhibits malaria parasites in vivo but not in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Taverne J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/21793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151028698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"\u00dcber die Einwirkung der Malaria auf die progressive Paralyse","volume":"21","author":"Wagner von Jauregg J","year":"1918","journal-title":"Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932515"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01635.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01635.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T07:07:12Z","timestamp":1696921632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01635.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01635.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01635.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}