{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:55:21Z","timestamp":1771300521341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]],"date-time":"2006-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The functional status of pituitary\u2013gonadal hormones and their relationship to the pattern of inflammatory cytokines in the lepromatous (LL\/BL) and tuberculoid (TT\/BT) poles of leprosy were investigated. Gonadotropins [luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH)], interleukin (IL)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly higher in LL\/BL leprosy patients than in controls and were not different from controls in TT\/BT patients. LH and FSH were positively correlated with IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and CRP concentrations and ESR. Testosterone plasma levels were significantly decreased in LL\/BL patients and not different in TT\/BT patients compared with controls. In addition, testosterone levels were inversely correlated with IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. Prolactin plasma levels of both LL\/BL and TT\/BT patients were not different when compared with those of controls. There was a significant positive correlation between IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> plasma levels and ESR and CRP concentrations. IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> was positively correlated with ESR but not with CRP. The significant correlations between gonadotropins and testosterone and cytokines in leprosy patients suggest that cytokines may have a direct influence at testicular level and may be of pathogenetic significance in leprosy and in other inflammatory states involving reproductive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]],"date-time":"2006-08-29T22:43:58Z","timestamp":1156891438000},"page":"1416-1421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pituitary\u2013gonadal hormones and interleukin patterns in leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"\u00c2ngela M. O.","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia K. R.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cacilda S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma T.","family":"Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1976.tb05097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Correlation between TNF production, increase of plasma c\u2010reactive protein level and suppression of T lymphocyte response to concanavalin A during erythema nodosum leprosum","volume":"61","author":"Foss NT","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"911","article-title":"Detection of TGF\u03b21 in dermal lesions of different clinical forms of leprosy","volume":"148","author":"Goulart IMB","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.02930310023005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00020-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90318-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00060-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1997.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5935\/0305-7518.19890012","article-title":"Testicular dysfunction in leprosy: relationships of FSH, LH and testosterone to disease classification, activity and duration","volume":"60","author":"Levis WR","year":"1989","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91817-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-6-2933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199004000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb02015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Gonadal steroids and immunity","volume":"17","author":"Olsen NJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrine Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.10.2121","article-title":"Turbidimetric immunoassay of serum C\u2010reactive protein","volume":"28","author":"Otsuji S","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90088-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Hormonal changes in human leprosy","volume":"52","author":"R\u00e9e GH","year":"1981","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Leprosy","author":"Rees RJW","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Classification of leprosy according to immunity: a five\u2010group system","volume":"34","author":"Ridley DS","year":"1966","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000064411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Hormone profile in lepromatous leprosy: a preliminary study","volume":"49","author":"Rolston R","year":"1981","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 during leprosy reactional states","volume":"84","author":"Sarno EN","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5935\/0305-7518.19810014","article-title":"Gonadal function in lepromatous leprosy","volume":"52","author":"Shilo S","year":"1981","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.10.5883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Antibodies against testicular germinal cells in lepromatous leprosy","volume":"17","author":"Wall JR","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01692.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T05:06:06Z","timestamp":1696914366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]}}}