{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T06:30:35Z","timestamp":1696919435356},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]],"date-time":"2006-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography (USG) in the detection of adult filariae in rodents. <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> are frequently detected using USG in humans, whereas adult <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic> have not been so far.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A <jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> infection was examined to visualize adult filariae of a similar length as <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic>. Similarly, three <jats:italic>Mastomys coucha<\/jats:italic>, infected with <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic>, were examined using USG to verify whether the adult worms, which are far smaller than <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. sigmodontis<\/jats:italic>, can be located using USG in the animals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Adult <jats:italic>L. sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> were detected using USG in the pleural cavity of <jats:italic>M. unguiculatus<\/jats:italic>, and in <jats:italic>M. coucha<\/jats:italic> adult <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> were visualized in the hearts, lungs, axillary lymph nodes and scrotum. Ultrasound findings were verified by dissection of the rodents.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although adult <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic> are far smaller than <jats:italic>L. sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic>, they can be detected using USG in rodents. USG may serve as an adjunctive tool to support parasitological examinations and can add information on filarial infections at any time point of an observation period, particularly in cryptic infections and without the need for invasive measures or killing of the rodent. Thus, USG can support the early detection of macrofilaricidal activities of new compounds and can be used to determine the location of adult worms in the animals. It is possible to give a rough estimate of the number of adult worms, but determination of the exact numbers of adult filariae in various locations is impossible with USG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01694.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]],"date-time":"2006-08-29T22:43:58Z","timestamp":1156891438000},"page":"1382-1387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasonography in filaria\u2010infected rodents: detection of adult <i>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/i> and <i>Brugia malayi<\/i> filariae"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Zahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hoerauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2457-2461.1997","article-title":"Infection of BALB\/c mice with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis: role of CD4+ T cells in controlling larval development","volume":"65","author":"Al\u2010Qaoud KM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90162-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Histology of adult Brugia malayi","volume":"37","author":"Franz M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.471","article-title":"Duplex Doppler sonographic assessment of the effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy on adult filarial worms and adjacent host tissues in bancroftian filariasis","volume":"71","author":"Hussein O","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Filarial infections of Mastomys natalensis and their relevance for experimental chemotherapy","volume":"38","author":"S\u00e4nger I","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of the development of mosquito transmitted Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi and their distribution in jirds, Meriones unguiculatus","volume":"30","author":"Zielke E","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01694.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01694.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T05:06:18Z","timestamp":1696914378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01694.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01694.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01694.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,24]]}}}